Muhammad bin Jubayr had mentioned to me something of that report of his, so I set out and went in to see Malik bin Aws and asked him about that report.Malik said, "I was sitting with my family in the middle of the day when a messenger from Umar bin Khattab came to me and said, 'Answer the summons of the Commander of the Faithful.' So I went with him until I entered upon Umar, and there he was, seated on the bare matting of his bed with nothing between him and it, leaning on a leather cushion. I greeted him and then sat down.He said, 'Mal, some households from your people have come to us, and I have ordered a modest allotment for them. Take charge of it and divide it among them.'I said, 'Commander of the Faithful, if only you would put someone else in charge of it.'He said, 'Take charge of it, man.'While I was sitting there with him, his doorkeeper Yarfa came in and said, 'Will you receive Uthman, Abdul-Rahman bin Awf, Zubayr, and Saad bin Abu Waqqas? They are asking permission to enter.'He said, 'Yes.' So he admitted them, and they came in, greeted him, and sat down. Yarfa sat for a short while, then said, 'Will you receive Ali and Abbas?'He said, 'Yes.' So he admitted the two of them, and they came in, greeted him, and sat down.Abbas said, 'Commander of the Faithful, judge between me and this man.' The two of them were disputing over what Allah had granted His Messenger ﷺ from the property of Banu Nadir.The group, Uthman and his companions, said, 'Commander of the Faithful, judge between them and relieve each of them of the other.'Umar said, 'Gently now. I charge you by Allah, by whose permission the heaven and the earth stand firm, do you know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "We are not inherited from. What we leave behind is charity"? He meant himself.'The group said, 'He did say that.'Then Umar turned to Ali and Abbas and said, 'I charge you both by Allah, do you know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that?'They said, 'He did say that.'Umar said, 'Then let me tell you about this matter. Allah singled out His Messenger ﷺ with something from this spoil that He gave to no one else.' Then he recited, "And what Allah restored to His Messenger from them" up to His words "is capable of all things" [Hashr 59:6]. 'So this belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Yet by Allah, he did not keep it away from you, nor did he take it for himself in preference to you. He gave it to you and distributed it among you until only this property remained of it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would spend on his family their yearly maintenance from this property, then take what was left and use it as Allah's property is used. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ acted in this way throughout his life. I charge you by Allah, do you know this?'They said, 'Yes.'Then he said to Ali and Abbas, 'I charge you both by Allah, do you know this?'Umar continued, 'Then Allah took His Prophet ﷺ, and Abu Bakr said, "I am the successor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." So Abu Bakr took charge of it and dealt with it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had dealt with it, and Allah knows that in this he was truthful, dutiful, rightly guided, and a follower of the truth. Then Allah took Abu Bakr, and I became the successor of Abu Bakr. I held it for two years of my rule, dealing with it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had dealt with it and as Abu Bakr had dealt with it, and Allah knows that in this I am truthful, dutiful, rightly guided, and a follower of the truth.Then the two of you came to me to speak with me, and your word was one and your case was one. You came to me, Abbas, asking for your share from your brother's son, and this man came to me, meaning Ali, wanting his wife's share from her father. I told you both that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "We are not inherited from. What we leave behind is charity."Then, when it seemed right to me to hand it over to you, I said, "If you both wish, I will hand it over to you on the condition that you take upon yourselves Allah's covenant and pledge that you will deal with it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dealt with it, and as Abu Bakr dealt with it, and as I have dealt with it since I took charge of it." You both said, "Hand it over to us," and on that basis I handed it over to you.I charge you by Allah, did I hand it over to them on that basis?'The group said, 'Yes.'Then he turned to Ali and Abbas and said, 'I charge you both by Allah, did I hand it over to you on that basis?'They said, 'Yes.'He said, 'Then are you seeking some other ruling from me? By Allah, by whose permission the heaven and the earth stand firm, I will give no ruling on it other than that. If you two are unable to manage it, then hand it back to me and I will take care of it for you.'"
حدثنا إسحاق بن محمد الفروي حدثنا مالك بن أنس عن ابن شهاب
وكان محمد بن جبير ذكر لي ذكرا من حديثه ذلك فانطلقت حتى أدخل على مالك بن أوس فسألته عن ذلك الحديث فقال مالك بينا أنا جالس في أهلي حين متع النهار إذا رسول عمر بن الخطاب يأتيني فقال أجب أمير المؤمنين فانطلقت معه حتى أدخل على عمر فإذا هو جالس على رمال سرير ليس بينه وبينه فراش متكئ على وسادة من أدم فسلمت عليه ثم جلست فقال يا مال إنه قدم علينا من قومك أهل أبيات وقد أمرت فيهم برضخ فاقبضه فاقسمه بينهم فقلت يا أمير المؤمنين لو أمرت به غيري قال اقبضه أيها المرء فبينا أنا جالس عنده أتاه حاجبه يرفا فقال هل لك في عثمان وعبد الرحمن بن عوف والزبير وسعد بن أبي وقاص يستأذنون قال نعم فأذن لهم فدخلوا فسلموا وجلسوا ثم جلس يرفا يسيرا ثم قال هل لك في علي وعباس قال نعم فأذن لهما فدخلا فسلما فجلسا فقال عباس يا أمير المؤمنين اقض بيني وبين هذا وهما يختصمان فيما أفاء الله على رسوله ﷺ من مال بني النضير فقال الرهط عثمان وأصحابه يا أمير المؤمنين اقض بينهما وأرح أحدهما من الآخر قال عمر تيدكم أنشدكم بالله الذي بإذنه تقوم السماء والأرض هل تعلمون أن رسول الله ﷺ قال لا نورث ما تركنا صدقة يريد رسول الله ﷺ نفسه قال الرهط قد قال ذلك فأقبل عمر على علي وعباس فقال أنشدكما الله أتعلمان أن رسول الله ﷺ قد قال ذلك قالا قد قال ذلك قال عمر فإني أحدثكم عن هذا الأمر إن الله قد خص رسوله ﷺ في هذا الفيء بشيء لم يعطه أحدا غيره ثم قرأ {وما أفاء الله على رسوله منهم} إلى قوله {قدير} فكانت هذه خالصة لرسول الله ﷺ والله ما احتازها دونكم ولا استأثر بها عليكم قد أعطاكموها وبثها فيكم حتى بقي منها هذا المال فكان رسول الله ﷺ ينفق على أهله نفقة سنتهم من هذا المال ثم يأخذ ما بقي فيجعله مجعل مال الله فعمل رسول الله ﷺ بذلك حياته أنشدكم بالله هل تعلمون ذلك قالوا نعم ثم قال لعلي وعباس أنشدكما بالله هل تعلمان ذلك قال عمر ثم توفى الله نبيه ﷺ فقال أبو بكر أنا ولي رسول الله ﷺ فقبضها أبو بكر فعمل فيها بما عمل رسول الله ﷺ والله يعلم إنه فيها لصادق بار راشد تابع للحق ثم توفى الله أبا بكر فكنت أنا ولي أبي بكر فقبضتها سنتين من إمارتي أعمل فيها بما عمل رسول الله ﷺ وما عمل فيها أبو بكر والله يعلم إني فيها لصادق بار راشد تابع للحق ثم جئتماني تكلماني وكلمتكما واحدة وأمركما واحد جئتني يا عباس تسألني نصيبك من ابن أخيك وجاءني هذا يريد عليا يريد نصيب امرأته من أبيها فقلت لكما إن رسول الله ﷺ قال لا نورث ما تركنا صدقة فلما بدا لي أن أدفعه إليكما قلت إن شئتما دفعتها إليكما على أن عليكما عهد الله وميثاقه لتعملان فيها بما عمل فيها رسول الله ﷺ وبما عمل فيها أبو بكر وبما عملت فيها منذ وليتها فقلتما ادفعها إلينا فبذلك دفعتها إليكما فأنشدكم بالله هل دفعتها إليهما بذلك قال الرهط نعم ثم أقبل على علي وعباس فقال أنشدكما بالله هل دفعتها إليكما بذلك قالا نعم قال فتلتمسان مني قضاء غير ذلك فوالله الذي بإذنه تقوم السماء والأرض لا أقضي فيها قضاء غير ذلك فإن عجزتما عنها فادفعاها إلي فإني أكفيكماها