The first surah revealed containing a prostration was "By the Star" [Najm 53:1]. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prostrated, and everyone behind him prostrated as well, except for one man whom I saw take a handful of dirt and prostrate on it. I later saw that man killed as a disbeliever. He was Umaya bin Khalaf.
أول سورة أنزلت فيها سجدة {والنجم} قال: فسجد رسول الله ﷺ وسجد من خلفه إلا رجلا رأيته أخذ كفا من تراب فسجد عليه، فرأيته بعد ذلك قتل كافرا، وهو أمية بن خلف.
Bukhari transmitted it in the tafsir (4863) and Muslim in Masajid and Places of Prayer (576:105), both through Abu Ishaq (that is, Subayi), who said, I heard Aswad bin Yazid narrate from Abdullah (that is, Ibn Masud), who said, then he mentioned it.When the bodies of the slain polytheists were thrown into the well at Badr, he was not thrown in with them, because he had swollen up inside his coat of armor, filling it completely. They went to move him, but his flesh came apart, so they left him as he was and covered him with the dirt and stones that had concealed him. Sirat bin Hisham (1/638-639).