Zuhri reported,

The first verse revealed concerning fighting, as Urwa informed me on the authority of Ayesha, was "Permission has been given to those who are being fought, because they were wronged. And indeed, Allah is competent to give them victory" [Hajj 22:39] up to His saying "Indeed, Allah is Powerful and Exalted in Might" [Hajj 22:40]. Then permission for fighting was given in many verses of the Quran.

Azami 8708

Sahih

عن الزهري قال

فكان أول آية نزلت في القتال كما أخبرني عروة، عن عائشة: {أذن للذين يقتلون بأنهم ظلموا وإن الله على نصرهم لقدير} إلى قوله تعالى: {إن الله لقوي عزيز} [سورة الحج: ٣٩-٤٠] ثم أذن بالقتال في آي كثير من القرآن.

الأعظمي 8708صحيح
Contents
Reference
Commentary
Ayat
Collection
Jami al-Kamil
Book
Biography of the Prophet ﷺ
Chapter
Events between the Hijrah and the Battle of Badr
Section
Permission to fight
Numbering
Jami al-Kamil 8708 (2nd edition)