The banner of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was black, and his standard was white.
كانت راية رسول الله ﷺ سوداء، ولواؤه أبيض.
Tirmidhi (1981), Ibn Majah (2818), Hakim (2/105), and Bayhaqi (6/362) narrated it through multiple routes from Yahya bin Ishaq Salihani, who said, Yazid bin Hayan told us, I heard Abu Majliz Lahiq bin Humayd narrating from Ibn Abbas, and he mentioned it.Yazid bin Hayan is truthful but makes mistakes, however he is corroborated by Hayan bin Ubaydullah Abu Zuhayr Adawi. Abu Yaala (2370) and Tabarani in Al-Kabir (7/2 and 12/207) narrated it through the route of Ibrahim bin Hajjaj Sami, from Hayan bin Ubaydullah Abu Zuhayr Adawi, from Abu Majliz, from Ibn Abbas. Hayan said, Abdullah bin Burayda also told us, from his father, and he mentioned it.As for Hayan bin Ubaydullah Abu Zuhayr Adawi, there is some mild criticism of him, but he is acceptable for corroborating purposes, and Abu Hatim said, he is truthful.As for the raya, it is the banner held by the commander of the battle, under which he fights, and toward which the fighters incline. The liwa is a distinguishing mark of the commander's rallying point, which moves wherever he moves. It has also been said that the raya is the small flag and the liwa is the large flag, and other explanations have been given as well.