I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, "Every person will be in the shade of his charity until judgment is passed between people," or he said, "until matters are decided between people."Yazid said, "Abu Khayr never let a day pass without giving something in charity, even if it was just a cake, an onion, or the like."
سمعت رسول الله ﷺ يقول: كل امري في ظل صدقته حتى يفصل بين الناس- أو قال- يحكم بين الناس. قال يزيد: وكان أبو الخير لا يخطئه يوم إلا تصدق فيه بشيء ولو كعكة أو بصلة أو كذا.
Ahmad (17333) and Abu Yaala (1766) both narrated it through the route of Ibn Mubarak, and it is in his Zuhd (645), where he said, Harmala bin Imran informed us, that he heard Yazid bin Abu Habib relating that Abu Khayr told him, that he heard Uqba bin Amir say, and then he related it. Its isnad is sahih, and Abu Khayr is Marthad bin Abdullah al-Yazani (with a fatha on the zay), one of the men of the Jamaah. Ibn Khuzayma (2431), Ibn Hibban (3310), and Hakim (1/416) all graded it sahih, all through this route. Hakim said, Sahih according to the criterion of Muslim.As for the narration of Tabarani in al-Kabir (17/286) from Yahya bin Uthman bin Salih, who said, Saeed bin Abu Maryam narrated to us, Rushdin bin Saad narrated to us, Amr bin Harith, Ibn Lahia, and Hasan bin Thawban narrated to me, from Yazid bin Abu Habib, from Abu Khayr, from Uqba bin Amir, as a raised report, "Charity extinguishes the heat of the graves for those who give it, and on the Day of Resurrection the believer will find shade only in the shade of his charity." Its isnad is daif because of Rushdin bin Saad, whom the majority of scholars have declared daif. Hafiz Haythami did not notice this in al-Majmu (3/110) and instead faulted the hadith because of Ibn Lahia, even though Ibn Lahia was corroborated. Likewise, Hafiz Munziri's statement in al-Targhib wal-Tarhib (1308), "Tabarani and Bayhaqi narrated it, and it contains Ibn Lahia," also faults it because of Ibn Lahia even though he was corroborated, and does not fault it because of Rushdin bin Saad, on whose daif status the scholars agree.As for his attribution to Bayhaqi, it is in Shuab al-Iman (3347), but a serious corruption occurred in it, for he narrated it through the route of Yahya bin Uthman bin Salih, who said, Abu Salih, the scribe of Layth, narrated to us, Ibn Lahia narrated to me, and Rushdin bin Saad, from Hasan, from Thawban, from Amr bin Harith, and Yazid bin Abu Habib, from Abu Khayr, from Uqba bin Amir, and then he related it. This made Rushdin bin Saad a corroborator of Ibn Lahia. It appears that an error occurred, either from the printer or from the copyist, and the correct version is what appears in the narration of Tabarani, for the ones who corroborated Ibn Lahia were Amr bin Harith and Hasan bin Thawban, and the one narrating from all of them together was Rushdin bin Saad. Likewise, the word "from" was dropped between Amr bin Harith and Yazid bin Abu Habib, and the word "from" was mistakenly added between Hasan and Thawban, when the correct reading is "from Hasan bin Thawban."In summary, this isnad turns entirely on Rushdin bin Saad, so take note of that.