We were sitting with the Prophet ﷺ when Surah al-Jumuah was revealed to him, including the verse "And others among them who have not yet joined them" [Jumuah 62:3].I asked, "Messenger of Allah, who are they?"He did not respond, and I asked three times. Salman Farsi was among us, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ placed his hand on Salman and said, "If faith were at the Pleiades, Some men, or a man, from these people would still reach it."
كنا جلوسا عندالنبي ﷺ فأنزلت عليه سورة الجمعة {وءاخرين منهم لما يلحقوا بهم} قال: قلت: من هم يا رسول الله؟ فلم يراجعه، حتى سأل ثلائا، وفينا سلمان الفارسي، فوضع رسول الله ﷺ يده على سلمان، ثم قال: لو كان الإيمان عند الثريا لناله رجال أو رجل من هؤلاء.
Bukhari narrated it in the tafsir (4897), and Muslim in righteousness and maintaining ties of kinship (2546), both from the hadith of Thawr, from Abu Ghayth, from Abu Hurairah, who said, then he mentioned it.The revelation coming after the ruling has examples that Suyuti mentioned in Itqan (1/37).As for the Prophet ﷺ, the first Friday prayer he held with his companions, according to what the biographers have mentioned, was when he arrived in Madinah as an emigrant. He stopped at Quba with Banu Amr bin Awf and stayed among them for over ten nights, and he established their masjid. Then he set out from among them on a Friday, heading for Madinah, and the time for the Friday prayer came upon him while he was among Banu Salim bin Awf, in a valley belonging to them. So he held the Friday prayer there and delivered the sermon. A masjid was later built on that spot, and it is known today as "Masjid al-Jumuah," located north of Masjid Quba at a distance of approximately 800 meters.