The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah has distinguished Quraysh with seven qualities. He favored them in that they worshipped Allah for ten years when none worshipped Him except a Qurayshi. He favored them in that He granted them victory on the Day of the Elephant while they were still polytheists. He favored them in that a surah of the Quran was revealed concerning them in which no others are included, 'For the security of Quraysh' [Quraysh 106:1]. And He favored them in that prophethood, the caliphate, the custodianship of the Kaaba, and the providing of water to the pilgrims are among them."
قال رسول الله ﷺ: خص الله قريشابسبع خصال: فضلهم بأنهم عبدوا الله عشر سنين، لا يعبده إلا قرشي، وفضلهم بأنه نصرهم يوم الفيل وهم مشركون، وفضلهم بأنه نزلت فيهم سورة من القرآن لم يدخل فيهم غيرهم، {لإيلاف قريش}، فضلهم بأن فيهم النبوة، والخلافة، والحجابة، والسقاية.
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Tabarani related it in Al-Awsat (9169) from Musab (who is Ibn Ibrahim bin Hamza Zubayri), who said, my father narrated to me, who said, Abdullah bin Musab bin Thabit bin Abdullah bin Zubayr narrated to us, from Hisham bin Urwa, from his father, from Zubayr, and he mentioned it. Its chain is hasan because of Abdullah bin Musab bin Zubayr, for he is a disputed narrator, though his hadith is hasan when he does not err. Abu Hatim said of him, "He is a shaykh at the level of Abdul-Rahman bin Abu Zinad." Ibn Hibban mentioned him among the trustworthy narrators, but Ibn Main graded him daif. A narrator like him can be cited as a corroborating witness.It has also been related from Umm Hani with similar wording. Hakim related it (2/536) from Bakr bin Muhammad bin Hamdan Sayrafi, who said, Ahmad bin Ubaydullah Narsi narrated to us, who said, Yaqub bin Muhammad Zuhri narrated to us, who said, Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Thabit bin Shurahbil narrated to us, who said, Uthman bin Abdullah bin Abu Atiq narrated to me, from Saeed bin Amr bin Jadah bin Hubayra, from his father, from his grandmother Umm Hani, and he mentioned it.Hakim said, "The chain is sahih." Dhahabi took issue with him, saying, "Yaqub is daif, and Ibrahim is a narrator of objectionable reports, and this is one of them that he alone reported."I say, Yaqub bin Muhammad Zuhri is a disputed narrator. As for Ibrahim bin Muhammad, Abu Hatim said of him that he was truthful, and Ibn Hibban mentioned him among the trustworthy narrators, so a narrator like him is fine to cite as a corroborating witness.As for his saying, "Their merit is that they worshipped Allah for ten years when none but a man of Quraysh worshipped Him," this means ten years from the sending of the Prophet ﷺ up to the pledge of Aqabah that came afterward, meaning that most of those who entered Islam during this period belonged to the tribe of Quraysh.As for the verse "For the accustomed security of Quraysh" [Quraysh 106:1], it refers to their being accustomed and united in their land, with the object placed first for emphasis. Quraysh is the title of the Prophet's ﷺ distant forefather, who is Fihr bin Malik bin Nadr bin Kinanah, according to the majority view.So the structure of this surah's meaning would be, let Quraysh worship the Lord of this House, who fed them against hunger and secured them from fear, for their accustomed journeys of winter and summer. Quraysh had two journeys, one to Yemen, which was the winter journey, and the other to Syria, which was the summer journey. That is, in these two journeys you did not fear destruction, because you were inhabitants of the sacred land, and people respected you because of its greatness in their eyes. Therefore it was incumbent upon you to worship Allah alone and be grateful to Him, and not to associate anyone with Him.