The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "Do you know what Friday is?"I replied, "Allah and His Messenger know best."Then he asked again, "Do you know what Friday is?"I said, "Yes."The narrator said, I do not know whether he asked him a fourth time or not.I said, "It is the day on which his father, or your father, was created."The Prophet ﷺ said, "Shall I tell you about Friday? No Muslim man purifies himself, then walks to the mosque, and listens attentively until the imam finishes his prayer, except that it serves as expiation for what is between it and the following Friday, as long as the major sins are avoided."
قال رسول الله ﷺ: أتدري ما يوم الجمعة؟ قلت: الله ورسوله أعلم. ثم قال: أتدري ما يوم الجمعة؟ قلت: نعم. - قال: لا أدري زعم سأله الرابعة أم لا-، قال: قلت: هو اليوم الذي جمع فيه أبوه، أو أبوكم، قال النبي ﷺ: ألا أحدثك عن يوم الجمعة؟ لا يتطهر رجل مسلم ثم يمشي إلى المسجد، ثم ينصت حتى يقضي الإمام صلاته إلا كان كفارة لما بينها وبين الجمعة التي بعدها ما اجتنبت المقتلة.
Ahmad (23729) and Tabarani in Al-Kabir (6089) both narrated it through the route of Ibrahim, from Alqama, from Qurthu Dabbi, from Salman Farsi, who said, then he mentioned it. Its chain of transmission is hasan, because of Qurthu Dabbi, for he is "truthful" as stated in Taqrib.As for His saying, "So hasten to the remembrance of Allah" [Jumuah 62:9], this is a command from Allah, Most High, to the believers to take Friday prayer seriously and to hurry toward it, especially after hearing the adhan. It does not mean running to the prayer, for that is forbidden, as stated in the sahih hadith.