The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed inside the Kaaba between the two pillars.
حدثنا بهز حدثنا حماد أخبرنا طلحة بن عبيد الله بن كريز
أن رسول الله ﷺ صلى في البيت بين الساريتين
No references are available.
Its isnad is sahih. Hammad is Ibn Salama. Talha bin Ubaydullah bin Kuraiz Khuzai Kaabi was a trustworthy Successor, deemed reliable by Ahmad, Nasai, and others, and Bukhari included his biography in al-Kabir 2/2/348. Ubaydullah is in the diminutive form. As for Kuraiz, it is with fatha on the kaf only in this particular biography, and everywhere else with damma, see al-Tahdhib 5:22 and al-Mushtabih 446. The meaning of this hadith has already appeared at length through other routes, including numbers 6019 and 6231.