Miswar bin Makhrama and Marwan bin Hakam reported,

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out at the time of Hudaybiya with something over a thousand of his companions. When they reached Dhul-Hulayfa, he garlanded the sacrificial animals, marked them with blood, and entered the sacred state for Umrah. He sent ahead of him a scout of his from Khuza to bring him news of Quraysh. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ travelled on, and when he was at the pool of Ashtat near Usfan, his Khuzai scout came to him and said, "I have left Kaab bin Luayy and Amir bin Luayy having mustered the Ahabish against you." Yahya bin Saeed, reporting from Ibn Mubarak, said the wording was, "They have gathered the Ahabish and assembled great numbers against you. They mean to fight you and to bar you from the House."The Prophet ﷺ said, "Give me your advice. Do you think we should turn against the dependents of those who have supported them and strike at them? If they then hold back, they will sit bereaved and stripped of their people." Yahya bin Saeed, from Ibn Mubarak, gave the wording as "grieving." "And if they come out against us, they will be a force that Allah has severed. Or do you think we should head for the House, and fight whoever bars us from it?"Abu Bakr said, "Allah and His Messenger know best. Prophet of Allah, we came only to perform Umrah, not to fight anyone. But whoever stands between us and the House, we will fight him."The Prophet ﷺ said, "Then move on."Zuhri said that Abu Hurairah used to say, "I never saw anyone consult his companions more than the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did."Zuhri continued in the report of Miswar bin Makhrama and Marwan, So they moved on, and when they were partway along the road, the Prophet ﷺ said, "Khalid bin Walid is at Ghamim with a Quraysh cavalry detachment as a forward guard. Take the route to the right." By Allah, Khalid never noticed them until he saw the dust cloud of the army, and off he raced to warn Quraysh.The Prophet ﷺ travelled on until he reached the pass by which one descends toward them, and there his mount knelt down beneath him. Yahya bin Saeed, from Ibn Mubarak, said the wording was, "his mount knelt down with her." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Up! Up!" but she balked.The people said, "Qaswa has turned stubborn."The Prophet ﷺ said, "Qaswa has not turned stubborn, that is not her nature. Rather the One who held back the elephant has held her back." Then he said, "By Him in whose hand is my soul, they will not ask me for any terms in which they honour the sacred things of Allah without my granting them." Then he urged her on and she sprang up with him.He turned aside from that route and camped at the far end of Hudaybiya, at a water hole with so little water that the people could only scoop it up in small amounts. It was not long before they had drained it dry, and the thirst was reported to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He drew an arrow from his quiver and ordered them to place it in the hole. By Allah, the water then kept welling up for them, quenching their thirst, until they all withdrew satisfied.While they were in that state, Budayl bin Warqa Khuzai came with a group of his people. They were among the men of Tihama who were trusted confidants of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said, "I have left Kaab bin Luayy and Amir bin Luayy encamped at the abundant springs of Hudaybiya, with their milk camels and their young. They mean to fight you and to bar you from the House."The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "We have not come to fight anyone. We came to perform Umrah. War has worn Quraysh down and harmed them. If they wish, I will make a truce with them for a period, and they can leave me to deal with the other people. Then if I prevail, they may enter what the rest of the people have entered, if they wish. And if not, they will at least have had their rest. But if they refuse, then by Him in whose hand is my soul, I will fight them over this affair of mine until my neck is severed, or Allah will carry out His command." Yahya, from Ibn Mubarak, gave it as, "until it is severed," and, "If they wish, we will make a truce with them for a period."Budayl said, "I will convey to them what you say."He set off and came to Quraysh and said, "We have come to you from this man, and we heard him say something. If you wish, we will lay it before you."Their fools said, "We have no need for you to tell us anything about him."But the sensible ones among them said, "Bring us what you heard him say."He said, "I heard him say such and such," and he told them what the Prophet ﷺ had said.Then Urwa bin Masud Thaqafi rose and said, "My people, am I not as a father to you?"They said, "Yes."He said, "And am I not as a son to you?"They said, "Yes."He said, "Do you hold anything against me?"They said, "No."He said, "Do you not know that I called upon the people of Ukaz to fight, and when they failed me I came to you with my own family and those who obeyed me?"They said, "Yes."He said, "This man has offered you a sound proposal. Accept it, and let me go to him."They said, "Go to him."So he came to him and began speaking with the Prophet ﷺ, who said to him much the same as he had said to Budayl. At that Urwa said, "Muhammad, tell me, if you wipe out your own people, have you ever heard of any Arab before you who destroyed his own root? And if it turns out the other way, then by Allah I see faces here, and I see rabble among these people who are likely to flee and abandon you."Abu Bakr said to him, "Go suck the clitoris of Lat! Would we flee from him and abandon him?"Urwa said, "Who is this?"They said, "Abu Bakr."He said, "By Him in whose hand is my soul, were it not for a favour you once did me that I have not repaid, I would have answered you."He went on speaking with the Prophet ﷺ, and each time he spoke he would take hold of his beard. Mughira bin Shuba was standing at the Prophet's head with a sword, wearing a helmet, and every time Urwa reached out his hand toward the beard of the Prophet ﷺ, he struck his hand with the butt of the sword and said, "Take your hand away from the beard of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ."Urwa raised his head and said, "Who is this?"They said, "Mughira bin Shuba."He said, "You treacherous man! Am I not still labouring to make up for your treachery?"Mughira had once travelled with some men in the days of ignorance, then killed them and taken their wealth. He then came and accepted Islam, and the Prophet ﷺ said, "As for your Islam, I accept it. As for the wealth, I will have nothing to do with it."Then Urwa began studying the Prophet ﷺ closely with his eyes. By Allah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ never spat but it fell into the palm of one of them, who rubbed it over his face and skin. When he gave an order, they raced to carry it out. When he performed his ablutions, they nearly came to blows over the water left from it. When they spoke, they lowered their voices in his presence, and they would not stare at him directly, out of reverence for him.Urwa returned to his companions and said, "My people, by Allah, I have been an envoy to kings. I have been to Caesar, to Khosrow and to the Negus, and by Allah I have never seen a king whose companions revere him as the companions of Muhammad revere Muhammad ﷺ. By Allah, he never spits but it falls into the palm of one of them, who rubs it over his face and skin. When he gives an order, they race to carry it out. When he performs his ablutions, they nearly come to blows over the water left from it. When they speak, they lower their voices in his presence, and they will not stare at him directly, out of reverence for him. He has offered you a sound proposal, so accept it."Then a man from Banu Kinana said, "Let me go to him."They said, "Go to him."When he came into view of the Prophet ﷺ and his companions, the Prophet ﷺ said, "This is so-and-so, and he belongs to a people who hold sacrificial camels in high regard. Send them out where he can see them."They were sent out to him, and the people met him raising the call of pilgrimage. When he saw this he said, "Glory be to Allah! These men should not be barred from the House."When he returned to his companions he said, "I saw the sacrificial camels garlanded and marked. I do not think they should be barred from the House."Then a man of theirs named Mikraz bin Hafs rose and said, "Let me go to him."They said, "Go to him."When he came into view, the Prophet ﷺ said, "This is Mikraz, and he is a treacherous man." He began speaking with the Prophet ﷺ, and while he was speaking with him, Suhayl bin Amr arrived.Muamar said, Ayub informed me, from Ikrima, that when Suhayl came, the Prophet ﷺ said, "Your affair has been made easy."Zuhri said in his report, Suhayl bin Amr came and said, "Come, let us draw up a document between us and you."So the Prophet called for a scribe, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Write, 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' [Fatihah 1:1]."Suhayl said, "As for the Most Gracious, by Allah, I do not know what that is." Ibn Mubarak's wording was, "what that is, but write 'In Your name, Allah,' as you used to write."The Muslims said, "By Allah, we will write nothing but 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' [Fatihah 1:1]."The Prophet ﷺ said, "Write, 'In Your name, Allah.'" Then he said, "This is what Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, has settled upon."Suhayl said, "By Allah, if we knew that you were the Messenger of Allah we would not have barred you from the House nor fought you. Write instead, 'Muhammad bin Abdullah.'"The Prophet ﷺ said, "By Allah, I am indeed the Messenger of Allah even if you call me a liar. Write, 'Muhammad bin Abdullah.'"Zuhri said, That was because of his words, "They will not ask me for any terms in which they honour the sacred things of Allah without my granting them."The Prophet ﷺ said, "On condition that you leave the way clear between us and the House so that we may circle it."Suhayl said, "By Allah, the Arabs shall not say that we were forced into this. But you may have it next year." So that was written down.Then Suhayl said, "And on condition that no man of ours comes to you, even if he follows your religion, without your returning him to us."The Muslims said, "Glory be to Allah! How can a man be returned to the idolaters when he has come as a Muslim?"While they were in the midst of this, Abu Jandal bin Suhayl bin Amr arrived, dragging his chains. Yahya, from Ibn Mubarak, said, clanking in his fetters. He had escaped from the lower part of Makkah and had thrown himself down among the Muslims.Suhayl said, "Muhammad, this is the very first case I hold you to under our agreement. Return him to me."The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "We have not yet concluded the document."Suhayl said, "Then by Allah, I will make no terms with you on anything at all."The Prophet ﷺ said, "Then grant him to me."Suhayl said, "I will not grant him to you."The Prophet said, "Yes, do it."Suhayl said, "I will not do it."Mikraz said, "Very well, we grant him to you."Abu Jandal said, "Company of Muslims, am I to be returned to the idolaters when I have come as a Muslim? Do you not see what I have suffered?" He had been tortured severely for the sake of Allah.Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, So I went to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "Are you not the Prophet of Allah?"He said, "Yes."I said, "Are we not in the right and our enemy in the wrong?"He said, "Yes."I said, "Then why are we conceding this humiliation in our religion?"He said, "I am the Messenger of Allah. I do not disobey Him, and He is my helper."I said, "Did you not use to tell us that we would come to the House and circle it?"He said, "Yes."He then said, "Did I tell you that you would come to it this year?"I said, "No."He said, "You will come to it and you will circle it."Umar continued, Then I went to Abu Bakr and said, "Abu Bakr, is this not truly the Prophet of Allah?"He said, "Yes."I said, "Are we not in the right and our enemy in the wrong?"He said, "Yes."I said, "Then why are we conceding this humiliation in our religion?"He said, "Man, he is the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he will never disobey his Lord , and He is his helper. So hold fast to his stirrup." Yahya bin Saeed's wording was, "cling to his stirrup until you die. By Allah, he is on the truth."I said, "Did he not use to tell us that we would come to the House and circle it?"He said, "Yes."He then said, "Did he tell you that you would come to it this year?"I said, "No."He said, "You will come to it and you will circle it."Zuhri said, Umar said, "I performed many good deeds to make up for that."When the Prophet had finished with the matter of the document, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to his companions, "Get up, slaughter your animals, then shave your heads." By Allah, not one man among them got up, though he said it three times. When none of them rose, he got up and went in to Umm Salama and told her what he had met with from the people.Umm Salama said, "Messenger of Allah, do you want this done? Then go out, and do not speak a word to any of them until you have slaughtered your camel and called your barber to shave your head."So he rose and went out, and spoke to none of them until he had done just that. He slaughtered his sacrificial animal and called his barber, who shaved him. When the people saw this, they got up and slaughtered, and began shaving one another's heads, so eagerly that they nearly killed one another in their distress.Then some believing women came to him, and Allah revealed, "Believers, when believing women come to you as emigrants," up to "the bonds of disbelieving women" [Mumtahanah 60:10]. On that day Umar divorced two wives he had married in the time of shirk. One of them was then married by Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan and the other by Safwan bin Umaya.Then the Prophet returned to Madinah, and Abu Baseer, a man of Quraysh who was a Muslim, came to him. Yahya, from Ibn Mubarak, said, Abu Baseer bin Usayd Thaqafi came to him as a Muslim emigrant. Akhnas bin Shariq hired a disbelieving man from Banu Amir bin Luayy along with a freedman, and sent with them a letter to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ demanding that he honour the agreement. So they sent two men after him, and they said, "The pledge you made to us." He handed him over to the two men, and they set out with him.When they reached Dhul-Hulayfa, they stopped to eat some dates they had. Abu Baseer said to one of the two men, "By Allah, I see that sword of yours is a fine one." The other drew it out and said, "Indeed, by Allah, it is fine. I have tested it again and again."Abu Baseer said, "Let me see it and look at it." The man let him have it, and Abu Baseer struck him until he lay dead. The other fled and came to Madinah, entering the masjid at a run.The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "This man has seen something terrifying." When he reached the Prophet ﷺ he said, "By Allah, my companion has been killed, and I am as good as killed myself."Then Abu Baseer arrived and said, "Prophet of Allah, by Allah, Allah has discharged your obligation. You handed me back to them, and then Allah delivered me from them."The Prophet ﷺ said, "Woe to his mother! He would kindle a war if he had anyone with him." When Abu Baseer heard this, he knew that the Prophet would send him back to them, so he left and went to the seashore.Abu Jandal bin Suhayl also broke free and joined Abu Baseer, and after that no man of Quraysh who accepted Islam failed to join Abu Baseer, until a band of them had gathered. By Allah, they never heard of a Quraysh caravan setting out for Syria without intercepting it, killing the men and seizing their goods.So Quraysh sent word to the Prophet ﷺ, imploring him by Allah and by ties of kinship to send for these men, promising that whoever came to him would be safe. The Prophet ﷺ sent for them, and Allah revealed, "It is He who held back their hands from you and your hands from them," up to "the fervour of ignorance" [Fath 48:24–26]. Their fervour lay in their refusing to acknowledge that he was the Prophet of Allah, in refusing "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful," and in barring him from the House.He said, From here on this is joined to the report of Zuhri, from Qasim bin Muhammad, who said, Abu Baseer said to the man of Amir, who had his sword with him, "Brother of Banu Amir, I see that this sword of yours is a fine one."He said, "Yes, indeed it is."Abu Baseer said, "Let me see it and look at it." So he gave it to him, and Abu Baseer drew it and struck the man of Amir until he had killed him. The freedman fled at a run toward the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and they say he came in upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was in the masjid, the pebbles ringing beneath him from the force of his running. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw him he said, "This man has seen something terrifying." Then he related something similar to the report of Abdul-Razzaq.He said, When the disbelievers of Quraysh saw this, a group of them rode to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "Your truce is availing nothing. We are being killed and our property plundered. We ask you to include these men of ours who have accepted Islam in your peace, to take them under your protection, and to keep them from fighting us." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did that, and Allah revealed, "It is He who held back their hands from you and your hands from them," and he recited up to "the fervour of ignorance" [Fath 48:24–26].

حدثنا يحيى بن سعيد القطان قال ثنا عبد الله بن المبارك حدثنا معمر عن الزهري عن عروة عن المسور بن مخرمة ومروان بن الحكم قال خرج رسول الله ﷺ زمن الحديبية في بضع عشرة مائة فذكر الحديث قال ومن هاهنا ملصق بحديث الزهري عن القاسم بن محمد قال وقال أبو بصير للعامري ومعه سيفه إني أرى سيفك هذا يا أخا بني عامر جيدا قال نعم أجل قال أرني أنظر إليه قال فأنطاه إياه فاستله أبو بصير ثم ضرب العامري حتى قتله وفر المولى يجمز قبل رسول الله ﷺ فدخل زعموا على رسول الله ﷺ وهو في المسجد يطن الحصا من شدة سعيه فقال له رسول الله ﷺ حين رآه لقد رأى هذا ذعرا فذكر نحوا من حديث عبد الرزاق قال فلما رأى ذلك كفار قريش ركب نفر منهم إلى رسول الله ﷺ فقالوا إنها لا تغني مدتك شيئا ونحن نقتل وتنهب أموالنا وإنا نسألك أن تدخل هؤلاء الذين أسلموا منا في صلحك وتمنعهم وتحجز عنا قتالهم ففعل ذلك رسول الله ﷺ وأنزل الله عز وجل {وهو الذي كف أيديهم عنكم وأيديكم عنهم} فقرأ حتى بلغ {حمية الجاهلية}