I asked Ayesha, "Did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recite an entire surah in a single rakah?"She replied, "Yes, from the Mufassal."I asked, "Did he pray sitting down?"She answered, "Yes, after the people had worn him out."
حدثنا عثمان بن أبي شيبة حدثنا يزيد بن هارون حدثنا كهمس بن الحسن
سألت عائشة أكان رسول الله ﷺ يقرأ السورة في ركعة قالت المفصل قال قلت فكان يصلي قاعدا قالت حين حطمه الناس
No references are available.
Muslim narrated it in "Prayer of the Traveler," chapter "Permissibility of the voluntary prayer while standing or sitting, and performing part of the rakat standing and part of it sitting," hadith no. 732, from the hadith of Kahmas, with a slight variation. Ahmad also narrated it, 6/171, from Yazid bin Harun with the same wording.