Qatada bin Numan reported,

There was a household among us called Banu Ubayriq, consisting of Bishr, Bashir, and Mubashshir. Bashir was a hypocrite who composed poetry mocking the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He would then attribute his verses to one of the Arabs, saying, "So-and-so said such and such," or "So-and-so said such and such." When the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard such poetry, they would say, "By Allah, no one composes this poetry except this wicked man," or words to that effect. They would say, "Ibn al-Ubayriq said it."This family lived in poverty and need, both during the Jahiliyyah and in Islam. The food of the people in Medina at that time was dates and barley. When a man had means and a caravan arrived from Sham carrying fine white flour, he would buy some of it and reserve it for himself, while his dependents continued eating dates and barley.A caravan arrived from Sham, and my uncle Rifa bin Zayd bought a load of fine white flour and placed it in a storeroom of his. In that storeroom were also weapons, armor, and a sword. Someone broke in from beneath the house, dug through into the storeroom, and took the food and the weapons.In the morning, my uncle Rifa came to me and said, "Nephew, we were robbed last night. Our storeroom was broken into and our food and weapons taken."We made inquiries in the neighborhood and asked around. We were told, "We saw Banu Ubayriq lighting a fire this night, and we believe it was over some of your food."While we were asking around the neighborhood, Banu Ubayriq said, "By Allah, we believe your culprit is none other than Labid bin Sahl," a man of ours known for his righteousness and Islam.When Labid heard this, he drew his sword and said, "I, a thief? By Allah, this sword will deal with you unless you make this theft clear."They said, "Get away from us, man, you are not the one."We continued asking around in the neighborhood until we had no doubt that they were the culprits.My uncle said to me, "Nephew, why don't you go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and mention this to him?"Qatada said, So I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "A household among us, people of harshness, have gone after my uncle Rifa bin Zayd. They broke into his storeroom and took his weapons and his food. Let them return our weapons to us. As for the food, we have no need of it."The Prophet ﷺ said, "I will look into the matter."When Banu Ubayriq heard of this, they went to a man of theirs named Usayr bin Urwa and spoke to him about it. Some people from the neighborhood gathered with him, and they said, "Messenger of Allah, Qatada bin Numan and his uncle have gone after a household of ours, people of Islam and righteousness, accusing them of theft without evidence or proof."Qatada said, So I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and spoke to him.He said, "You have gone after a household known for their Islam and righteousness, accusing them of theft without proof or evidence?"I returned, wishing I had given up part of my wealth rather than having spoken to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about the matter.My uncle Rifa came to me and said, "Nephew, what happened?"I told him what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had said to me.He said, "Allah is the One whose help is sought."It was not long before the Quran was revealed, "Indeed, We have sent down to you the Book in truth so that you may judge between people by what Allah has shown you. And do not be an advocate for the deceitful" [Nisa 4:105], meaning Banu Ubayriq, "and seek forgiveness from Allah," meaning for what you said to Qatada, "Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful. And do not argue on behalf of those who deceive themselves. Indeed, Allah does not love one who is a habitual deceiver and sinner. They conceal themselves from people but cannot conceal themselves from Allah," up to His saying, "Forgiving and Merciful" [Nisa 4:106–110], meaning if they had sought Allah's forgiveness, He would have forgiven them, "And whoever earns a sin only earns it against himself," up to His saying, "manifest sin" [Nisa 4:111–112]. Then concerning what He said about Labid, "And were it not for the favor of Allah upon you and His mercy," up to His saying, "We will give him a great reward" [Nisa 4:113–114].When the Quran was revealed, the weapons were brought to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he returned them to Rifa.Qatada said, When I brought the weapons to my uncle, he was an old man whose sight had weakened, or who had grown old, in the Jahiliyyah, and I had thought his Islam was tainted. But when I brought him the weapons, he said, "Nephew, these are for the cause of Allah." Then I knew his Islam was sincere.When the Quran was revealed, Bashir joined the polytheists and stayed with Sulafa bint Saad bin Sumayy. So Allah revealed, "And whoever opposes the Messenger after guidance has become clear to him and follows other than the way of the believers, We will turn him to what he has turned to and burn him in Hell, and evil it is as a destination. Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating others with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills. And whoever associates others with Allah has certainly gone far astray" [Nisa 4:115–116].When he stayed with Sulafa, Hassan bin Thabit attacked her with verses of his poetry. So she took his belongings, placed them on her head, and went out and threw them in al-Abtah, then said, "You gifted me Hassan's poetry? You have brought me nothing of any good."

حدثنا الحسن بن أحمد بن أبي شعيب أبو مسلم الحراني حدثنا محمد بن سلمة الحراني حدثنا محمد بن إسحق عن عاصم بن عمر بن قتادة عن أبيه

عن جده قتادة بن النعمان قال

كان أهل بيت منا يقال لهم بنو أبيرق بشر وبشير ومبشر وكان بشير رجلا منافقا يقول الشعر يهجو به أصحاب رسول الله ﷺ ثم ينحله بعض العرب ثم يقول قال فلان كذا وكذا قال فلان كذا وكذا فإذا سمع أصحاب رسول الله ﷺ ذلك الشعر قالوا والله ما يقول هذا الشعر إلا هذا الخبيث أو كما قال الرجل وقالوا ابن الأبيرق قالها قال وكانوا أهل بيت حاجة وفاقة في الجاهلية والإسلام وكان الناس إنما طعامهم بالمدينة التمر والشعير وكان الرجل إذا كان له يسار فقدمت ضافطة من الشام من الدرمك ابتاع الرجل منها فخص بها نفسه وأما العيال فإنما طعامهم التمر والشعير فقدمت ضافطة من الشام فابتاع عمي رفاعة بن زيد حملا من الدرمك فجعله في مشربة له وفي المشربة سلاح ودرع وسيف فعدي عليه من تحت البيت فنقبت المشربة وأخذ الطعام والسلاح فلما أصبح أتاني عمي رفاعة فقال يا ابن أخي إنه قد عدي علينا في ليلتنا هذه فنقبت مشربتنا وذهب بطعامنا وسلاحنا قال فتحسسنا في الدار وسألنا فقيل لنا قد رأينا بني أبيرق استوقدوا في هذه الليلة ولا نرى فيما نرى إلا على بعض طعامكم قال وكان بنو أبيرق قالوا ونحن نسأل في الدار والله ما نرى صاحبكم إلا لبيد بن سهل رجل منا له صلاح وإسلام فلما سمع لبيد اخترط سيفه وقال أنا أسرق فوالله ليخالطنكم هذا السيف أو لتبينن هذه السرقة قالوا إليك عنها أيها الرجل فما أنت بصاحبها فسألنا في الدار حتى لم نشك أنهم أصحابها فقال لي عمي يا ابن أخي لو أتيت رسول الله ﷺ فذكرت ذلك له قال قتادة فأتيت رسول الله ﷺ فقلت إن أهل بيت منا أهل جفاء عمدوا إلى عمي رفاعة بن زيد فنقبوا مشربة له وأخذوا سلاحه وطعامه فليردوا علينا سلاحنا فأما الطعام فلا حاجة لنا فيه فقال النبي ﷺ سآمر في ذلك فلما سمع بنو أبيرق أتوا رجلا منهم يقال له أسير بن عروة فكلموه في ذلك فاجتمع في ذلك ناس من أهل الدار فقالوا يا رسول الله إن قتادة بن النعمان وعمه عمدا إلى أهل بيت منا أهل إسلام وصلاح يرمونهم بالسرقة من غير بينة ولا ثبت قال قتادة فأتيت رسول الله ﷺ فكلمته فقال عمدت إلى أهل بيت ذكر منهم إسلام وصلاح ترمهم بالسرقة على غير ثبت ولا بينة قال فرجعت ولوددت أني خرجت من بعض مالي ولم أكلم رسول الله ﷺ في ذلك فأتاني عمي رفاعة فقال يا ابن أخي ما صنعت فأخبرته بما قال لي رسول الله ﷺ فقال الله المستعان فلم يلبث أن نزل القرآن {إنا أنزلنا إليك الكتاب بالحق لتحكم بين الناس بما أراك الله ولا تكن للخائنين خصيما} بني أبيرق {واستغفر الله} أي مما قلت لقتادة {إن الله كان غفورا رحيما ولا تجادل عن الذين يختانون أنفسهم إن الله لا يحب من كان خوانا أثيما يستخفون من الناس ولا يستخفون من الله} إلى قوله {غفورا رحيما} أي لو استغفروا الله لغفر لهم {ومن يكسب إثما فإنما يكسبه على نفسه} إلى قوله {إثما مبينا} قوله للبيد {ولولا فضل الله عليك ورحمته} إلى قوله {فسوف نؤتيه أجرا عظيما} فلما نزل القرآن أتى رسول الله ﷺ بالسلاح فرده إلى رفاعة فقال قتادة لما أتيت عمي بالسلاح وكان شيخا قد عشا أو عسى في الجاهلية وكنت أرى إسلامه مدخولا فلما أتيته بالسلاح قال يا ابن أخي هو في سبيل الله فعرفت أن إسلامه كان صحيحا فلما نزل القرآن لحق بشير بالمشركين فنزل على سلافة بنت سعد ابن سمية فأنزل الله {ومن يشاقق الرسول من بعد ما تبين له الهدى ويتبع غير سبيل المؤمنين نوله ما تولى ونصله جهنم وساءت مصيرا إن الله لا يغفر أن يشرك به ويغفر ما دون ذلك لمن يشاء ومن يشرك بالله فقد ضل ضلالا بعيدا} فلما نزل على سلافة رماها حسان بن ثابت بأبيات من شعره فأخذت رحله فوضعته على رأسها ثم خرجت به فرمت به في الأبطح ثم قالت أهديت لي شعر حسان ما كنت تأتيني بخير