While the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting in the mosque one day, Rifa said, and we were with him, a man who looked like a bedouin came in and prayed, performing his prayer hastily. Then he left and greeted the Prophet ﷺ.The Prophet ﷺ said, "And upon you. Go back and pray, for you have not prayed."So he went back and prayed, then came and greeted him again.The Prophet ﷺ said, "And upon you. Go back and pray, for you have not prayed."He did this two or three times, each time coming to the Prophet ﷺ and greeting him, and the Prophet ﷺ would say, "And upon you. Go back and pray, for you have not prayed."The people became afraid and it weighed heavily upon them that whoever performed his prayer hastily had not prayed at all.Finally the man said, "Show me and teach me, for I am only a human being. I get things right and I make mistakes."He replied, "Indeed. When you stand for prayer, perform ablution as Allah has commanded you. Then recite the testimony of faith and call the iqamah. If you know any Quran, recite it. Otherwise, praise Allah, magnify Him, and declare His oneness. Then bow and remain still while bowing. Then straighten up standing. Then prostrate and settle into your prostration. Then sit and remain still while sitting. Then stand. If you do this, your prayer is complete. If you fall short in any of it, you fall short in your prayer."He said, this was easier on them than the first matter, that whoever fell short in any of it fell short in his prayer but did not lose all of it.
حدثنا علي بن حجر أخبرنا إسمعيل بن جعفر عن يحيى بن علي بن يحيى بن خلاد بن رافع الزرقي عن جده
أن رسول الله ﷺ بينما هو جالس في المسجد يوما قال رفاعة ونحن معه إذ جاءه رجل كالبدوي فصلى فأخف صلاته ثم انصرف فسلم على النبي ﷺ فقال النبي ﷺ وعليك فارجع فصل فإنك لم تصل فرجع فصلى ثم جاء فسلم عليه فقال وعليك فارجع فصل فإنك لم تصل ففعل ذلك مرتين أو ثلاثا كل ذلك يأتي النبي ﷺ فيسلم على النبي ﷺ فيقول النبي ﷺ وعليك فارجع فصل فإنك لم تصل فخاف الناس وكبر عليهم أن يكون من أخف صلاته لم يصل فقال الرجل في آخر ذلك فأرني وعلمني فإنما أنا بشر أصيب وأخطئ فقال أجل إذا قمت إلى الصلاة فتوضأ كما أمرك الله ثم تشهد وأقم فإن كان معك قرآن فاقرأ وإلا فاحمد الله وكبره وهلله ثم اركع فاطمئن راكعا ثم اعتدل قائما ثم اسجد فاعتدل ساجدا ثم اجلس فاطمئن جالسا ثم قم فإذا فعلت ذلك فقد تمت صلاتك وإن انتقصت منه شيئا انتقصت من صلاتك قال وكان هذا أهون عليهم من الأول أنه من انتقص من ذلك شيئا انتقص من صلاته ولم تذهب كلها
Its isnad is hasan. Abu Dawud narrated it in the Book of Prayer, chapter on the prayer of one who does not straighten his back in ruku and sujud, no. 861, and Nasai, 2/20, no. 668, from the hadith of Ismail bin Jafar, from Yahya bin Ali, from his father, from his grandfather, from Rifa, with the same wording. Ibn Khuzayma graded it sahih, no. 545. Baghawi mentioned the hadith in Sharh al-Sunnah, 3/86, no. 553, from the hadith of Tirmidhi with the same wording, and "from his father" is also missing from it there, so the error is an old one.There is also a report on this subject from Abu Hurairah [to come, no. 303], and from Ammar bin Yasir, though we did not find it, perhaps it refers to the hadith of Nasai, nos. 1306, 1307.