The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever performs a prayer in which he does not recite the Mother of the Quran, it is deficient, it is deficient, it is deficient, incomplete."I said, "Abu Hurayrah, sometimes I am behind the imam."He pinched my arm and said, "Recite it silently, Persian, for I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say that Allah said, 'I have divided the prayer between Myself and My servant into two halves, half of it is for Me and half for My servant, and My servant shall have what he asks for.'"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Recite. The servant says, 'Praise be to Allah, Lord of all the worlds' [Fatihah 1:2]. Allah
says, 'My servant has praised Me.' The servant says, 'The Most Merciful, the Especially Merciful' [Fatihah 1:3]. Allah
says, 'My servant has extolled Me.' The servant says, 'Master of the Day of Judgment' [Fatihah 1:4]. Allah
says, 'My servant has glorified Me.' The servant says, 'You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help' [Fatihah 1:5]. This verse is between Me and My servant, and My servant shall have what he asks for. The servant says, 'Guide us to the straight path, the path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have earned anger, nor of those who have gone astray' [Fatihah 1:6–7]. These are for My servant, and My servant shall have what he asks for."
أخبرنا قتيبة عن مالك عن العلاء بن عبد الرحمن أنه سمع أبا السائب مولى هشام بن زهرة يقول سمعت
قال رسول الله ﷺ من صلى صلاة لم يقرأ فيها بأم القرآن فهي خداج هي خداج هي خداج غير تمام فقلت يا أبا هريرة إني أحيانا أكون وراء الإمام فغمز ذراعي وقال اقرأ بها يا فارسي في نفسك فإني سمعت رسول الله ﷺ يقول يقول الله عز وجل قسمت الصلاة بيني وبين عبدي نصفين فنصفها لي ونصفها لعبدي ولعبدي ما سأل قال رسول الله ﷺ اقرءوا يقول العبد {الحمد لله رب العالمين} يقول الله عز وجل حمدني عبدي يقول العبد {الرحمن الرحيم} يقول الله عز وجل أثنى علي عبدي يقول العبد {مالك يوم الدين} يقول الله عز وجل مجدني عبدي يقول العبد {إياك نعبد وإياك نستعين} فهذه الآية بيني وبين عبدي ولعبدي ما سأل يقول العبد {اهدنا الصراط المستقيم صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم غير المغضوب عليهم ولا الضالين} فهؤلاء لعبدي ولعبدي ما سأل
Muslim narrated it, in the Book of Prayer, chapter on the obligation of reciting Fatihah in every rakat, etc, hadith no. 395/39, from Qutayba, with the same wording. It is also found in Muwatta (Yahya) 1/84–85, and in Kubra, hadith no. 981.