The Prophet ﷺ did not pray inside the Kaabah, but he proclaimed the takbir in its corners.
أخبرنا قتيبة قال حدثنا حماد عن عمرو أن
لم يصل النبي ﷺ في الكعبة ولكنه كبر في نواحيه
Its isnad is sahih. Tirmidhi transmitted it in Hajj, chapter on prayer in the Kaaba, hadith 874, from Qutayba with this chain, and also from the hadith of Amr bin Dinar, from Ibn Umar, from Bilal with this chain, and he said, "Hasan sahih." It is also in Kubra, hadith 3896, and it has another route in Bukhari, hadith 398 and 1601, and elsewhere.Hammad is Ibn Zayd, and Amr is Ibn Dinar.