When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away and Abu Bakr was appointed caliph after him, some of the Arabs reverted to disbelief. Umar said to Abu Bakr, "How can you fight these people when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'I have been commanded to fight people until they say there is no god but Allah. Whoever says there is no god but Allah has protected his wealth and life from me, except for what is due upon him, and his reckoning is with Allah'?"Abu Bakr replied, "By Allah, I will fight anyone who separates prayer from zakat, for zakat is the right due upon wealth. By Allah, if they withhold from me even a young she-camel's tether that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I will fight them for withholding it."Umar
said, "By Allah, I realized then that Allah had opened Abu Bakr's heart to fighting them, and I knew that he was right."
أخبرنا قتيبة قال حدثنا الليث عن عقيل عن الزهري قال أخبرني عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عتبة بن مسعود
لما توفي رسول الله ﷺ واستخلف أبو بكر بعده وكفر من كفر من العرب قال عمر لأبي بكر كيف تقاتل الناس وقد قال رسول الله ﷺ أمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يقولوا لا إله إلا الله فمن قال لا إله إلا الله عصم مني ماله ونفسه إلا بحقه وحسابه على الله فقال أبو بكر رضي الله عنه لأقاتلن من فرق بين الصلاة والزكاة فإن الزكاة حق المال والله لو منعوني عقالا كانوا يؤدونه إلى رسول الله ﷺ لقاتلتهم على منعه قال عمر رضي الله عنه فوالله ما هو إلا أن رأيت الله شرح صدر أبي بكر للقتال فعرفت أنه الحق
Bukhari, Holding Fast to the Book and the Sunnah, chapter: Following the Practices of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, no. 7284, 7285, and Muslim, Faith, chapter: The Command to Fight the People Until They Say There is No God but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, etc., no. 20, from Qutayba, through him, and it is in Al-Kubra, no. 2223.