A man asked the Prophet ﷺ about the times of prayer, and he said to him, "Pray with us these two days."When the sun passed its zenith, he instructed Bilal, who gave the call to prayer. Then he instructed him and Bilal called the iqamah for the noon prayer. Then he instructed him and Bilal called the iqamah for the afternoon prayer while the sun was still high, white, and clear. Then he instructed him and Bilal called the iqamah for the sunset prayer when the sun had set. Then he instructed him and Bilal called the iqamah for the night prayer when the twilight had disappeared. Then he instructed him and Bilal called the iqamah for the dawn prayer when dawn broke.On the second day, he instructed him to delay the noon prayer until the heat had cooled, and he delayed it considerably, taking care to wait until it was cool. He prayed the afternoon prayer while the sun was still high, but later than he had prayed it the day before. He prayed the sunset prayer before the twilight disappeared. He prayed the night prayer after a third of the night had passed. And he prayed the dawn prayer when the light had spread.Then he asked, "Where is the one who asked about the times of prayer?"The man replied, "Here I am, Messenger of Allah."He said, "The time of your prayers is between what you have seen."
حدثني زهير بن حرب وعبيد الله بن سعيد كلاهما عن الأزرق قال زهير حدثنا إسحق بن يوسف الأزرق حدثنا سفيان عن علقمة بن مرثد
عن النبي ﷺ أن رجلا سأله عن وقت الصلاة فقال له صل معنا هذين يعني اليومين فلما زالت الشمس أمر بلالا فأذن ثم أمره فأقام الظهر ثم أمره فأقام العصر والشمس مرتفعة بيضاء نقية ثم أمره فأقام المغرب حين غابت الشمس ثم أمره فأقام العشاء حين غاب الشفق ثم أمره فأقام الفجر حين طلع الفجر فلما أن كان اليوم الثاني أمره فأبرد بالظهر فأبرد بها فأنعم أن يبرد بها وصلى العصر والشمس مرتفعة أخرها فوق الذي كان وصلى المغرب قبل أن يغيب الشفق وصلى العشاء بعدما ذهب ثلث الليل وصلى الفجر فأسفر بها ثم قال أين السائل عن وقت الصلاة فقال الرجل أنا يا رسول الله قال وقت صلاتكم بين ما رأيتم