The companions of the Prophet ﷺ mentioned Malik bin al-Dukhshum in the presence of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, speaking ill of him and insulting him.The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Leave my companions alone."They said, "Messenger of Allah, he is a refuge for the hypocrites and a shelter to which they turn."The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "Does he not testify that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah?"They replied, "Yes, but there is no good in his testimony."The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "No servant testifies to it sincerely from his heart and then dies upon that, except that Allah forbids him to the Fire."
ذكر أصحاب النبي ﷺ مالك بن الدخشم عند رسول الله ﷺ، فوقعوا فيه، وشتموه فقال رسول الله ﷺ: دعوا لي أصحابي فقالوا: يا رسول الله، إنه كهف المنافقين و ملجؤهم الذي يلجؤون إليه، فقال رسول الله ﷺ: أليس يشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، وأني رسول الله؟ قالوا: بلى، ولا خير في شهادته، فقال رسول الله ﷺ: لا يشهد بها عبد صادقا من قلبه، ثم يموت على ذلك، إلا حرمه الله على النار.
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Nasai narrated it in Al-Kubra (10877), and Bazzar in his Musnad (7221), from the hadith of Adam bin Abu Iyas, who said, Shayban narrated to us, from Qatada, from Anas, who said, and he mentioned it. The wording is Nasai's, and Bazzar's wording is abridged, and in it, "They said, 'He is the head of the hypocrites.' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Leave my companions to me, do not insult my companions.'"Bazzar said, "We do not know of anyone who narrated this hadith from Qatada, from Anas, except Shayban, and we do not know of anyone who narrated it from Shayban except Adam."Malik bin Dukhshum, also said to be with a nun instead of the mim, the Ansari, the Awsi, was present at Badr. Ibn Abdul-Barr said, "Hypocrisy is not authentically established against him, for the excellence of his Islam has become evident in a way that precludes accusing him of that." He is the one about whom the Prophet ﷺ said, when it was said to him, "That man is a hypocrite who does not love Allah and His Messenger," "Do not say that. Do you not see that he has said, 'There is no god but Allah,' seeking thereby the face of Allah..." and so on to the end of the hadith. Bukhari narrated it in the Book of Prayer (425), and Muslim in the Book of Mosques (657-263).And on this subject, there is a report from Abdullah bin Mawla, who said, While I was traveling through Ahwaz, there was a man riding ahead of me on a mule, or a she-mule, and he was saying, "O Allah, my generation from this nation has passed away, so join me to them." I said, "And me too, so include me in your supplication." He said, "And this companion of mine, if he intends that as well." Then he said, The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The best of my nation are my generation, then those who follow them" - he said, and I do not know whether he mentioned the third generation or not - "then there will come after them people in whom fatness will appear, who give testimony freely, without being asked for it." He said, "And behold, he was Burayda Aslami."Ahmad narrated it (22960), Ibn Abu Shayba (33081), and Ibn Abu Asim in Al-Sunnah (1515), all through chains from Jareeri, from Abu Nadra, from Abdullah bin Mawla, and he mentioned it. Jareeri is Saeed bin Iyas, known to have become confused in his memory later in life, but those who narrated from him did so before that confusion set in, namely Ismail bin Ulaya, Hammad bin Salama, and Abdul-Ala. However, it contains Abdullah bin Mawla, from whom no one narrated except Abu Nadra, and Ibn Hibban mentioned him among the trustworthy narrators (48/5), and for this reason Ibn Hajar described him as "acceptable," meaning acceptable when corroborated, otherwise his hadith is weak, and this hadith has no corroboration.