Abdullah bin Abbas reported,
When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ defeated Quraysh on the day of Badr and returned to Medina, he gathered the Jews in the marketplace of Banu Qaynuqa and said, "Company of Jews, accept Islam before what befell Quraysh befalls you."They replied, "Muhammad, do not let it deceive you that you killed a few men of Quraysh who were inexperienced and knew nothing of warfare. If you were to fight us, you would know that we are real men, and that you have never met the likes of us."So Allah 
revealed concerning this, "Say to those who disbelieve, 'You will be overcome'" up to His words "one fighting in the cause of Allah" meaning at Badr, "and another disbelieving" [Aal Imran 3:12–13].
Azami 8801
Hasanعن ابن عباس قال
لما أصاب رسول الله ﷺ قريشا يوم بدر، وقدم المدينة جمع اليهود في سوق بني قينقاع فقال: يا معشر اليهود أسلموا قبل أن يصيبكم مثل ما أصاب قريشا. قالوا: يا محمد لا يغرنك من نفسك أنت قتلت نفرا من قريش كانوا أغمارا لا يعرفون القتال، إنك لو قاتلتنا لعرفت أنا نحن الناس، وأنك لم تلق مثلها، فأنزل الله عز وجل في ذلك {قل للذين كفروا ستغلبون} إلى قوله: {فئة تقتل في سبيل الله} ببدر، {وأخرى كافرة}. [ آل عمران: ١٢- ١٣].
Abu Dawud (3001) narrated it from Musarrif bin Amr al-Iyami, who said, Yunus, meaning Ibn Bukayr, narrated to us, he said, Muhammad bin Ishaq narrated to us, Muhammad bin Abu Muhammad, the client of Zayd bin Thabit, narrated to me, from Saeed bin Jubayr and Ikrima, from Ibn Abbas, and he related it.It is also found in Ibn Hisham's Sirah (2/47) from Ibn Ishaq, with a slightly different wording. Ibn Hajar graded its chain hasan in Fath al-Bari (7/332), even though its chain contains Muhammad bin Abu Muhammad, the client of Zayd bin Thabit, whom Ibn Hibban mentioned in al-Thiqat, but whom Ibn Hajar described in al-Taqrib as "majhul" (unknown). Perhaps he graded it hasan because it agrees with what the scholars of sirah and campaigns, in accordance with what Ibn Ishaq related.