When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered Mecca, he came to the foot of a grave and sat beside it, taking the posture of someone addressing another, while the people sat around him. Then he stood up weeping. Umar met him, and he was among the boldest of people with him, and said, "May my father and mother be sacrificed for you, Messenger of Allah, what has made you weep?"He replied, "This is my mother's grave. I asked my Lord for permission to visit it, and He granted me permission. I asked Him for permission to seek forgiveness for her, but He did not grant me that. So I remembered her, my heart softened, and I wept."The narrator said, "No day was seen on which he wept more than he did that day."
لما فتح رسول الله ﷺ مكة أتى جذم قبر، فجلس إليه، فجعل كهيئة المخاطب، وجلس الناس حوله، فقام وهو يبكي، فتلقاه عمر- وكان من أجرأ الناس عليه- فقال: بأبي أنت وأمي يا رسول الله ما الذي أبكاك؟ قال: هذا قبر أمي، سألت ربي الزيارة فأذن لي، وسألته الاستغفار فلم يأذن لي، فذكرتها، فرقت نفسي فبكيت. قال: فلم ير يوم كان أكثر باكيا منه يومئذ.
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Ibn Abu Shayba (11930) narrated it from Muhammad bin Abdullah Asadi, from Sufyan, from Alqama bin Marthad, from Sulayman bin Burayda, from his father, and he related it. Its chain is sahih.Bayhaqi narrated it in Dalail (1/189) through another route from Muhammad bin Yusuf Firyabi, who said, "Sufyan narrated to us with his chain." Its wording is, "The Prophet ﷺ came to the trace of a grave and sat down, and many people sat around him in great numbers, and he began moving his head as though addressing someone." He said, "Then he wept, and Umar came to him and said, 'What makes you weep, O Messenger of Allah?' He said, 'This is the grave of Amina bint Wahb. I asked my Lord for permission to visit her grave, and He granted it to me, and I asked Him for permission to seek forgiveness for her, but He refused me. Tenderness for her overcame me, so I wept.'" He said, "I never saw a moment with more weeping than that moment." Muharib bin Dithar corroborated him, from Ibn Burayda, from his father. End of quote.I say, the hadith of Muharib bin Dithar was narrated by Ahmad (23003) and Ibn Hibban (5310) at length, and by Hakim (1/376) in brief. Hakim said, "Sahih according to the criteria of the two Shaykhs." Its basis is in Sahih Muslim (977), without mention of the visit to the grave of the Prophet's ﷺ mother.With the same meaning, Imam Ahmad (23017) narrated it from Husayn bin Muhammad, who said, Ayub bin Jabir narrated to us, from Simak, from Qasim bin Abdul-Rahman, from Ibn Burayda, from his father, who said, "I went out with the Prophet ﷺ, and when we were at Wadan, he said, 'Stay where you are until I come back to you,' then he set off. Then he came back weighed down and said, 'I went to the grave of Muhammad's mother and asked my Lord for intercession for her, but He refused me it.'" Ayub bin Jabir is daif, and it was also narrated from his brother Muhammad bin Jabir, who is likewise daif.On this subject there is also what has been narrated from Ibn Masud, who said, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I forbade you to visit graves, but Muhammad has now been given permission to visit his mother's grave. So visit them, for they will remind you." Ibn Abu Shayba (11931) narrated it from Yazid bin Harun, from Hammad bin Zayd, who said, Farqad Sabakhi narrated to us, who said, Jabir bin Yazid narrated to us, who said, Masruq narrated to us, from Ibn Masud, and he related it. In it is Farqad bin Yaqub Sabakhi, who is disputed, and the predominant view of him is that he is daif.As for Jabir bin Yazid, who narrated from Masruq, and from whom Farqad Sabakhi narrated, Abdul-Rahman bin Abu Hatim said, "Abu Zura was asked about him and said, 'He is not Jabir Jafi, and he is not known.'" Jarh wal-Tadil (2/498).However, Bayhaqi narrated it in Dalail (1/189-190) through another route, from the hadith of Abdullah bin Wahb, who said, Ibn Jurayj informed us, from Ayub bin Hani, from Masruq bin Ajda, from Abdullah bin Masud, who said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to look over the graves, and we went out with him. He told us to stay, so we sat down, and then he stepped between the graves until he reached one of them, and he spoke quietly to it for a long time. Then the Messenger of Allah's ﷺ weeping rose up, and we wept because of the weeping of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came toward us, and Umar bin Khattab met him and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, what has made you weep? You have made us weep and frightened us.' So he came and sat with us and said, 'Did my weeping frighten you?' We said, 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah.' He said, 'The grave you saw me speaking quietly to is the grave of Amina bint Wahb. I asked my Lord for permission to visit her, and He granted it to me, and I asked my Lord for permission to seek forgiveness for her, but He did not grant it to me, and there was revealed to me,'" "It is not for the Prophet and those who believe to seek forgiveness for the polytheists" [Tawba 9:113], "until the verse ended," "And the seeking of forgiveness of Ibrahim for his father was only because of a promise he had made him, but when it became clear to him that he was an enemy of Allah, he disowned him" [Tawba 9:114], "'and there overtook me the tenderness a child feels for a mother, and that is what made me weep.'"Ibn Kathir said in Bidaya wal-Nihaya (2/280), "Gharib, they did not include it."This ruling issued by the Prophet ﷺ does not contradict the statement of Allah Almighty, "And We would never punish until We had sent a messenger" [Isra 17:15], for the people of the interval will be tested in the open plains on the Day of Judgment. Some of them will respond, and some will not respond. So these named ones will be among those who do not respond.I have already mentioned something of this in the book on divine decree, and I will mention the other matters in the tafsir of the noble verse and in the discussion of the terrors of the Day of Judgment, Allah Almighty willing.