Safina reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The caliphate of prophethood will last thirty years, then Allah will grant kingship, or His kingship, to whomever He wills."Safina said to me, "Count for yourself. Abu Bakr held it for two years, Umar for ten, Uthman for twelve, and Ali for such and such."I said to Safina, "These people claim that Ali was not a caliph."He replied, "The backsides of the sons of the blue-eyed woman are lying," meaning the sons of Marwan.This is the wording of Abu Dawud. The wording of Ahmad is, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The caliphate will last thirty years, then after that there will be kingship."Safina said, "Count the caliphate of Abu Bakr at two years, the caliphate of Umar at ten years, the caliphate of Uthman at twelve years, and the caliphate of Ali at six years."
عن سفينة قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: خلافة النبوة ثلاثون سنة، ثم يؤتي الله الملك أو ملكه من يشاء. قال لي سفينة: أمسك عليك أبو بكر سنتين، وعمر عشرا وعثمان اثنتي عشر، وعلى كذا. قلت لسفينة: إن هولاء يزعمون أن عليا لم يكن بخليفة قال: كذبت أستاه بني الزرقاء- يعني بني مروان. هذا لفظ أبي داود. ولفظ أحمد: قال رسول الله ﷺ: الخلافة ثلاثون عاما، ثم يكون بعد ذلك الملك. قال سفينة: أمسك خلافة أبي بكر سنتين، وخلافة عمر عشر سنين، وخلافة عثمان اثنتي عشرة سنة، وخلافة علي ست سنين.
Narrated by Abu Dawud (4646, 4647), Tirmidhi (2226), and Ahmad (21919, 21923, 21928). Ibn Hibban (6943) and Hakim (3/71, 145) graded it sahih, all of them through various routes from Saeed bin Jumhan, from Safinah, who related it. Some of them mentioned only the raised portion. Its chain is hasan because of Saeed bin Jumhan, for he is hasan al-hadith, though there are strange things in his narrations, as Bukhari said.Tirmidhi said, "This is a hasan hadith. More than one narrator has related it from Saeed bin Jumhan, and we do not know it except through his narration."Khallal said in Sunnah (636), "I heard Abu Bakr bin Sadaqah say, I heard more than one of our companions, and Abu Qasim bin Jabali more than once, say that they were present with Abu Abdullah when he was asked about the hadith of Safinah, and he graded it sahih. A man said, 'Saeed bin Jumhan, it seems he considers him daif.' Abu Abdullah said, 'Salih, take him by the hand,' I think he said, meaning that this man intended to cast doubt on the hadith of Safinah." End of quote.His saying, "The caliphate of prophethood is thirty years," is one of the signs of prophethood.1. The caliphate of Abu Bakr was two years and four months less ten nights. 2. The caliphate of Umar was ten years, six months, and four days. 3. The caliphate of Uthman was twelve years less twelve days. 4. The caliphate of Ali bin Abu Talib was five years less two months. 5. The caliphate of Hasan bin Ali was about six months, until he relinquished it to Muawiya in the year forty of the hijrah.This completes the thirty years. Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah (6/198).His saying, "Then Allah gives the kingdom to whom He wills." In another narration, "The affairs of the people will continue to proceed so long as twelve caliphs govern them." His saying "twelve" does not preclude more than that. And his saying "caliph" is a title for the rulers, though in reality they were kings. They are,6. Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan 7. Yazid bin Muawiya 8. Marwan bin Hakam 9. Abdul-Malik bin Marwan 10. Walid bin Abdul-Malik 11. Sulayman bin Abdul-Malik 12. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz bin Marwan bin Hakam.Then disorder began within Banu Umaya, and their rule continued amid this disorder. After Umar bin Abdul-Aziz, the caliphate passed to others, namely,Yazid bin Abdul-Malik Hisham bin Abdul-Malik Walid bin Yazid Yazid bin Walid Ibrahim bin Yazid Marwan bin Muhammad bin Marwan, known as al-Himar (the Donkey), who was killed in the year 132 AH. He was the last caliph of Banu Umaya, and after his death the caliphate passed from them to Banu Abbas.