Bara bin Azib reported,

A Jew who had been flogged and had his face blackened with soot was brought past the Prophet ﷺ. He ﷺ called the Jews over and asked, "Is this how you find the penalty for adultery in your Book?"They said, "Yes."Then he summoned one of their scholars and said, "I adjure you by Allah, who sent down the Torah to Musa, is this how you find the penalty for adultery in your Book?"The man replied, "No. And had you not put me under oath by this, I would not have told you. We find it to be stoning. But adultery became widespread among our nobles, so whenever we caught a noble we let him go, and whenever we caught a weak man we carried out the penalty on him. So we said, 'Come, let us agree on something we can apply to noble and lowly alike.' And we settled on blackening the face and flogging in place of stoning."The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah, I am the first to revive Your command when they have killed it." He then ordered that the man be stoned, and he was stoned.So Allah revealed, "Messenger, do not let those who race into disbelief grieve you" [Maidah 5:41], down to His words, "and if you are given this, take it" [Maidah 5:41]. That is, they were saying, "Go to Muhammad ﷺ, and if he orders you to blacken the face and flog, accept it. But if he rules for stoning, beware."Then Allah revealed, "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, those are the disbelievers" [Maidah 5:44], and "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, those are the rebellious" [Maidah 5:47]. All of it came down concerning the disbelievers.

عن البراء بن عازب، قال

مر على النبي ﷺ بيهودي محمما مجلودا: فدعاهم ﷺ فقال: هكذا تجدون حد الزاني في كتابكم؟ قالوا: نعم. فدعا رجلا من علمائهم. فقال: أنشدك بالله الذي أنزل التوراة على موسى! أهكذا تجدون حد الزاني في كتابكم؟ قالوا: لا. ولولا أنك نشدتني بهذا لم أخبرك. نجده الرجم. ولكنه كثر في أشرافنا. فكنا، إذا أخذنا الشريف تركناه. وإذا أخذنا الضعيف، أقمنا عليه الحد، قلنا: تعالوا فلنجتمع على شيء نقيمه على الشريف والوضيع. فجعلنا التحميم والجلد مكان الرجم. فقال رسول الله ﷺ: اللهم إني أول من أحيا أمرك إذا أماتوه فأمر به فرجم. فأنزل الله عز وجل: {يأيها الرسول لا يحزنك الذين يسرعون في الكفر} [المائدة: ٤١] إلى قوله: {وإن أوتيتم هذا فخذوه} [المائدة: ٤١] يقول: ائتوا محمدا ﷺ فإن أمركم بالتحميم والجلد فخذوه. وإن أفتاكم بالرجم فاحذروا. فأنزل الله تعالى: {ومن لم يحكم بما أنزل الله فأولئك هم الكفرون} [المائدة: ٤٤] {ومن لم يحكم بما أنزل الله فأولئك هم الفسقون} [المائدة: ٤٧] في الكفار كلها.