The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid. If he has consummated the marriage with her, she is entitled to the dowry for what he has lawfully enjoyed of her. If they dispute, then the ruler is the guardian of one who has no guardian."
قال رسول الله ﷺ قال: أيهما امرأة تزوجت بغير إذن وليها فنكاحها باطل، فإن دخل بها فلها المهر بما استحل من فرجها، وإن اشتجروا فالسلطان ولي من لا ولي له.
Reported by Abu Dawud (2083), Tirmidhi (1102), and Ibn Majah (1879), and graded sahih by Ibn Hibban (4074), Hakim (2/168), and Bayhaqi (7/105), all of them from the hadith of Ibn Jurayj, who said, Sulayman bin Musa told me that Ibn Shihab told him, that Urwa told him, that Ayesha told him, that the Prophet ﷺ said, and he mentioned it.Hakim said, "Sahih according to the conditions of the two Shaykhs." He also said, "It has been established and confirmed through the narrations of reliable imams that the narrators heard from one another, so these narrations should not be faulted by the account of Ibn Ulaya and his question to Ibn Jurayj about it, and his statement, 'I asked Zuhri about it, and he did not recognize it.' A trustworthy and precise narrator may forget that he narrated a hadith, and this has happened to more than one of the hadith memorizers." End of quote.Dhahabi said, "Abu Asim, Abdul-Razzaq, Yahya bin Ayub, and Hajjaj bin Muhammad all heard it from Ibn Jurayj, explicitly stating that he heard it from Zuhri, so this should not be faulted, for a trustworthy narrator may forget." End of quote. Hakim reported the hadiths of these narrators from Ibn Jurayj.I say, its chain is hasan because of Sulayman bin Musa, who is the freedman of the Umayyads, the Damascene known as Ashdaq. There is disagreement about him, though his hadith is hasan. Tirmidhi also graded it hasan, and Abu Awana, Ibn Khuzayma, and others graded it sahih.As for Hakim's statement about the account that Ibn Ulaya mentioned from Ibn Jurayj, it refers to what was mentioned by Tirmidhi, Ahmad (24205), and others, namely Ibn Jurayj's statement, "Then I met Zuhri and asked him, and he denied it." Because of this, some scholars declared this hadith daif.It was mentioned about Yahya bin Main that he said, "No one mentioned this detail from Ibn Jurayj except Ismail bin Ibrahim, that is, Ibn Ulaya." Yahya bin Main said, "Ismail bin Ibrahim's hearing from Ibn Jurayj is not reliable, he only corrected his books against the books of Abdul-Majid bin Abdul-Aziz bin Abu Rawwad, and did not actually hear from Ibn Jurayj." Yahya declared Ismail bin Ibrahim's narration from Ibn Jurayj daif. End of quote. Hakim mentioned something similar.Ibn Hibban, Ibn Adi, Ibn Abdul-Barr, and others faulted the hadith because of this account, saying that even if this account about Zuhri forgetting is established, it does not necessarily discredit Sulayman bin Musa, for his hadith is hasan. For this reason, Ibn Main, in the narration of Dawri from him, and Bayhaqi and others graded the hadith of Sulayman bin Musa sahih, and it is the best of what has been narrated on this subject.