Umar bin Khattab delivered a sermon one Friday. He mentioned the Prophet of Allah ﷺ, and he mentioned Abu Bakr, then said, "I saw in a dream as though a rooster pecked me three times, and I can only interpret it as the approach of my death. Some people are urging me to appoint a successor, but Allah will not allow His religion, His caliphate, or that with which He sent His Prophet ﷺ to be lost. If something happens to me suddenly, then the caliphate is to be decided by consultation among these six men with whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was pleased when he passed away.I know that there are people who will challenge this matter, the very people whom I struck with this hand of mine to bring them into Islam. If they do that, then they are the enemies of Allah, the disbelievers, the misguided.Then there is nothing I leave behind more troubling to me than the matter of kalalah. I never pressed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about anything as much as I pressed him about kalalah, and he never spoke harshly to me about anything as he did about it, until he poked my chest with his finger and said, 'Umar, does the summer verse at the end of Surah an-Nisa not suffice you?' If I live, I will issue a ruling on it that whoever reads the Quran and whoever does not read the Quran will judge by.Then he said, "O Allah, I call You to witness regarding the governors of the provinces. I sent them only to deal justly with the people, to teach the people their religion and the Sunnah of their Prophet ﷺ, to distribute their share of the spoils among them, and to refer back to me whatever matters they find unclear.Then, people, you eat two plants which I consider nothing but foul, this onion and garlic. I saw that whenever the Messenger of Allah ﷺ detected their smell on a man in the mosque, he would order him to be taken out to al-Baqi. Whoever eats them, let him kill their odor by cooking them."
أن عمر بن الخطاب خطب يوم الجمعة، فذكر نبي الله ﷺ، وذكر أبا بكر، قال: إني رأيت كأن ديكا نقرني ثلاث نقرات، وإني لا أراه إلا حضور أجلي، وإن أقواما يأمرونني أن أستخلف، وإن الله لم يكن ليضيع دينه، ولا خلافته، ولا الذي بعث به نبيه ﷺ، فإن عجل بي أمر فالخلافة شورى بين هؤلاء الستة الذين توفي رسول الله ﷺ وهو عنهم راض، وإني قد علمت أن أقواما يطعنون في هذا الأمر، أنا ضربتهم بيدي هذه على الإسلام، فإن فعلوا ذلك فأولئك أعداء الله، الكفرة الضلال، ثم إني لا أدع بعدي شيئا أهم عندي من الكلالة، ما راجعت رسول الله ﷺ في شيء ما راجعته في الكلالة، وما أغلظ لي في شيء ما أغلظ لي فيه، حتى طعن بإصبعه في صدري، فقال: يا عمر ألا تكفيك آية الصيف التي في آخر سورة النساء. وإني إن أعش أقض فيها بقضية، يقضي بها من يقرأ القرآن ومن لا يقرأ القرآن. ثم قال: اللهم! إني أشهدك على أمراء الأمصار، وإني إنما بعثتهم عليهم؛ ليعدلوا عليهم، وليعلموا الناس دينهم وسنة نبيهم ﷺ، ويقسموا فيهم فيتهم، ويرفعوا إلي ما أشكل عليهم من أمرهم، ثم إنكم أيها الناس! تأكلون شجرتين لا أراهما إلا خبيثتين، هذا البصل والثوم، لقد رأيت رسول الله ﷺ إذا وجد ريحهما من الرجل في المسجد أمر به، فأخرج إلى البقيع، فمن أكلهما فليمتهما طبخا.
Muslim reported it in the Book of Mosques (567), from Muhammad bin Muthanna, who said, Yahya bin Saeed narrated to us, who said, Hisham narrated to us, who said, Qatada narrated to us, from Salim bin Abu Jaad, from Madan bin Abu Talha, and he mentioned it. He also reported it likewise in the Book of Inheritance Shares (1617), through this same chain, in shortened form.His statement, "the verse of summer," means the verse that was revealed in summer. Wahidi said, "Allah revealed two verses concerning kalalah. One of them was in winter, and it is the one at the beginning of Surah Nisa, and the other was in summer, and it is the one at its end." See Itqan (1/149).It seems he means by kalalah one who has no child, as in the beginning of Surah Nisa, and this is what Umar said, as will come later. Otherwise, kalalah according to the majority of scholars means one who has neither child nor parent.