The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade muhaqala, muzabana, and mukhabara, and the sale of dates on the palm before they reach the stage of ishqah. Ishqah means that the dates turn red or yellow, or that some of them become fit to eat.Muhaqala is selling a field of standing crops in exchange for a known measure of grain.Muzabana is selling dates on the palm in exchange for a measured quantity of harvested dates.Mukhabara is leasing land for a third or a quarter of its produce, or similar arrangements.
أن رسول الله ﷺ نهي عن المحاقلة، والمزابنة، والمخابرة، وأن تشترى النخل حتى تشقه- والإشقاه أن يحمر، أو يصفر، أو يؤكل منه شيء-. والمحاقلة أن يباع الحقل بكيل من الطعام معلوم. والمزابنة أن يباع النخل بأوساق من التمر. والمخابرة الثلث والربع وأشباه ذلك.
Muslim narrated it (1536: 83) through several routes from Zakariya bin Adi, who said, Ubaydullah informed us, from Zayd bin Abu Unaysah, who said, Abu Walid Makki told us, while he was sitting with Ata bin Abu Rabah, from Jabir bin Abdullah, and he mentioned it.Zayd said, I asked Ata bin Abu Rabah, "Did you hear Jabir bin Abdullah relate this from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?" He said, "Yes."