His brother had died, leaving behind three hundred dirhams and dependents, and he wanted to spend the money on the dependents.The Prophet ﷺ said, "Your brother is detained by his debt, so settle it on his behalf."The man replied, "Messenger of Allah, I have paid off everything he owed except for two Dinars claimed by a woman who has no proof."The Prophet ﷺ said, "Give them to her, for she is telling the truth."
أن أخاه مات، وترك ثلاثمائة درهم، وترك عيالا، فأردت أن أنفقها على عياله. فقال النبي ﷺ: إن أخاك محتبس بدينه، فاقض عنه. فقال: يا رسول الله، قد أديت عنه إلا دينارين ادعتهما امرأة، وليس لها بينة. قال: فأعطها فإنها محقة.
Ibn Majah (2433) and Ahmad (17227, 20076) narrated it, both from the hadith of Hammad bin Salama, from Abdul-Malik Abu Jafar, from Abu Nadra, from Saad bin Atwal, who related it. As for Abdul-Malik Abu Jafar, it is not known who he is. No one narrated from him except Hammad bin Salama. Ibn Hibban mentioned him among his trustworthy narrators, but Ibn Hajar, after placing him in the category of "acceptable," said, "It is possible that he is the son of Abu Nadra." Abdul-Malik bin Abu Nadra Abdi is fine, as Daraqutni said. Dhahabi said in al-Kashif, "Salih." Ibn Hibban mentioned him among the trustworthy narrators and listed a number of those who narrated from him, so the chain would be hasan. Even if he is not the same person, Jareeri corroborates him in a narration found in Ahmad (20077), narrated from the hadith of Hammad bin Salama from him, from Abu Nadra, from a man among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ, relating something similar. Jareeri is Saeed bin Iyas, from whom Hammad bin Salama heard before his memory became confused. This narration contains a companion who is not named, who is Saad bin Atwal, as the preceding narrations identify him, and his being unnamed here does not cause harm, as is well known, since all the companions are of unimpeachable integrity.As for what is narrated about the three who took on debt and then died, that Allah settles their debts on their behalf, this is daif. The three are, a man who is fighting in the cause of Allah, whose strength weakens, so he strengthens himself against the enemy by taking on debt, then dies without having repaid it. A man with whom a Muslim dies, and he finds nothing to shroud him or bury him with except through debt, then he himself dies without having repaid it. And a man who fears temptation for himself, so he protects himself through marriage by taking on debt, then dies without having repaid it. Allah settles their debts on their behalf on the Day of Resurrection.Ibn Majah (2435) and Abd bin Humayd (349) narrated it, both from the hadith of Ibn Anam, from Imran bin Abdullah, from Abdullah bin Amr, who related it. The wording given is that of Abd bin Humayd, and the wording of Ibn Majah is similar. Ibn Anam is Abdul-Rahman bin Ziyad bin Anam, with the first letter open and the noon silent, Afriqi the judge, who is daif by the agreement of the scholars. Ibn Hibban said, "He narrates fabricated reports from trustworthy narrators, and he practices tadlis." I say, this hadith is munkar, contradicting the sahih hadiths.