Azami 5544

Bukhari narrated it in the Book of Gifts (2340, 2632), and Muslim in the Book of Sales (89:1536), both from the hadith of Uzai, who said, "Ataa narrated to me, from Jabir," as mentioned. The wording given is Bukhari's. Muslim's wording is, "Whoever has surplus land should cultivate it or grant it to his brother, and if he refuses, he should keep his land." He did not mention in it "for a third, a quarter, or a half."Now know that the hadith of Jabir bin Abdullah has been narrated in various forms, and so its wording differs across multiple routes. Here are these routes with their wordings as narrated by Muslim in his Sahih, in addition to what has already been mentioned.2. Abu Awana narrated it, from Sulayman, from Abu Sufyan, from Jabir, as a raised hadith, "Whoever has land should give it as a gift or lend it out."3. Yunus narrated it, from Zuhayr, from Abu Zubayr, from Jabir, who said, "We used to practice sharecropping in the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and we would take a share from the outer parts and from such and such." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever has land should cultivate it himself or let his brother cultivate it, and otherwise he should leave it."4. Hisham bin Saad narrated it, from Abu Zubayr, who said, I heard Jabir bin Abdullah say, "In the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ we used to take land for a third or a quarter along the water channels." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then stood up regarding that and said, "Whoever has land should cultivate it, and if he does not cultivate it, let him grant it to his brother, and if he does not grant it to his brother, let him keep it." The madhyanat are the water channels, what grows along the two banks of a watercourse.5. Abu Khaythama narrated it, from Abu Zubayr, from Jabir, who said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade selling the unripe crop for two or three years."6. Hammad bin Zayd narrated it, saying, Ayub narrated to us, from Abu Zubayr and Saeed bin Mina, from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade muhaqala, muzabana, muawama, and mukhabara, and forbade excluding a portion in a sale, but permitted araya."7. Hammam narrated it, saying, Sulayman bin Musa asked Ataa, saying, "Did Jabir bin Abdullah narrate to you that the Prophet ﷺ said, 'Whoever has land should cultivate it himself, or let his brother cultivate it, and not rent it out'?" He said, "Yes."8. Abdullah bin Numayr narrated it, from Abdul-Malik, from Ataa, from Jabir, as a raised hadith, "Whoever has land should cultivate it, and if he is unable to cultivate it and incapable of it, let him grant it to his Muslim brother, and not lease it to him."9. Muhammad bin Fadl (whose nickname is Arim, and who is Abu Numan Sadusi) narrated it, from Mahdi bin Maymun, from Matar, from Ataa, from Jabir, as a raised hadith, "Whoever has land should cultivate it, and if he does not cultivate it, let him have his brother cultivate it."10. Mualla bin Mansur narrated it, from Khalid, from Shaybani, from Bukayr bin Akhnas, from Ataa, from Jabir, who said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade taking a rent or a share for the land."11. Hammad (meaning Ibn Zayd) narrated it, from Matar Warraq, from Ataa, from Jabir, "that the Prophet ﷺ forbade leasing out land."12. Ibn Wahb narrated it, saying, Amr (who is Ibn Harith) informed me that Bukayr narrated to him that Abdullah bin Abu Salama narrated to him, from Numan bin Abu Ayyash, from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said, "The Prophet ﷺ forbade leasing out land." Bukayr said, and Nafi narrated to us that he heard Ibn Umar say, "We used to lease out our land, then we gave that up when we heard the hadith of Rafi bin Khadij."13. Sufyan bin Uyayna narrated it, from Humayd Araj, from Sulayman bin Atiq, from Jabir, who said, "The Prophet ﷺ forbade selling by the year."14. Abu Tuba narrated it, from Muawiya, from Yahya bin Abu Kathir, from Yazid bin Nuaym, who informed him that Jabir bin Abdullah said, "He heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbidding muzabana and huqul." Jabir said, "Muzabana is selling fresh dates for dried dates, and huqul is leasing out land."15. Abu Jawwab narrated it, from Ammar bin Zurayq, from Amash, who said, Abu Sufyan narrated to us, from Jabir, as a raised hadith, "Whoever has land should cultivate it himself, or let a man cultivate it."16. Sufyan narrated it, from Amr, from Jabir, "that the Prophet ﷺ forbade mukhabara."17. Ubaydullah bin Abdul-Hameed narrated it, from Salim bin Hayan, from Saeed bin Mina, "I heard Jabir say," and he mentioned, as a raised hadith, "Whoever has surplus land should cultivate it himself, or let his brother cultivate it, and do not sell it." I said to Saeed, "What does his saying, 'do not sell it,' mean, leasing?" He said, "Yes."The hadith of Jabir has other routes besides these. In summary, the hadith of Jabir bin Abdullah regarding the dislike of leasing out land is to be understood as a matter of preferring to avoid it, not as an outright prohibition, because giving as a gift, lending, or granting are not obligatory. However, some narrators exercised discretion and narrated it by meaning, so their wordings differed, to the point that some people came to think it implied outright prohibition, and so they narrated it with the wording, "Whoever does not give up mukhabara should expect war from Allah and His Messenger."Abu Dawud narrated it (3406), and from his route Bayhaqi (6/128), and Abu Naeem in al-Hilya (9/236), and Hakim (2/285-286), all of them from the hadith of Abdullah bin Raja, "Abdullah bin Uthman bin Khuthaym informed me, from Abu Zubayr, from Jabir bin Abdullah," as mentioned.Abu Naeem said, "It is gharib from the hadith of Abu Zubayr, and Ibn Khuthaym alone narrated it with this wording. And Abdullah bin Raja here is the Makki, not the Iraqi Basri." Hakim said, "Sahih according to the criterion of Muslim." I say, this is indeed so, except that Ibn Khuthaym has been criticized regarding his memory, so his sole narration of this cannot be accepted.