The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Fasting is not merely abstaining from food and drink. Rather, fasting is abstaining from idle speech and obscenity. So if someone insults you or behaves ignorantly toward you, say, 'I am fasting, I am fasting.'"
قال رسول الله ﷺ: ليس الصيام من الأكل والشرب، إنما الصيام من اللغو والرفث. فإن سابك أحد أو جهل عليك، فلتقل: إني صائم، إني صائم.
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Narrated by Ibn Khuzayma (1996), Ibn Hibban (3479), Hakim (1/430–431), and Bayhaqi (4/270), all from the hadith of Harith bin Abdul-Rahman, from his uncle, from Abu Hurairah, who said, then he related it.Hakim said, "Sahih according to the criterion of Muslim." The uncle of Harith is Abdullah bin Mughira bin Abu Dhubab, as Ibn Hibban stated. He mentioned him in his Thiqat (5/304), except that Muslim did not narrate from him, as Hakim said. It is also said that his uncle's name was likewise Harith. It is also said that his name was Iyad, as Ibn Manda named him, and mentioned him among the Companions. See Tahdhib al-Tahdhib (1/148).On this subject there is also a report from Ubayd, the freed slave of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, that two women fasted, and a man said, "O Messenger of Allah, there are two women here who have fasted, and they are close to dying of thirst." He turned away from him or remained silent, then the man came back. I think he said, "In the midday heat" and said, "O Prophet of Allah, by Allah, they have died or are close to dying." He said, "Call them to me." So they came. A cup or a large bowl was brought. He said to one of them, "Vomit." She vomited pus, blood, and discharge mixed with flesh, until she had vomited half the bowl. Then he said to the other, "Vomit." She vomited pus, blood, discharge, fresh flesh, and other matter, until she filled the bowl. Then he said, "These two fasted from what Allah had made lawful for them, and broke their fast on what Allah had forbidden them. One of them sat with the other, and they began eating the flesh of people."This was narrated by Imam Ahmad (23653) from Yazid, who said, Sulayman and Ibn Adi informed us, from Sulayman, in meaning, from a man who related it to them in the gathering of Abu Uthman Nahdi. Ibn Adi said, from a shaykh in the gathering of Abu Uthman, from Ubayd, then he related it. Its chain is daif because of an unnamed man.As for what Abu Yaala (1576) narrated by way of Hammad bin Salama, from Sulayman, that is, Ibn Tarkhan Taymi, from Ubayd, the man has dropped out of it, and its apparent form gives the false impression of an unbroken chain.On this subject there is also what is reported from Ibn Umar as a saying of the Prophet, "Many a fasting person gets nothing from his fast but hunger and thirst, and many a person who stands in prayer at night gets nothing from his standing but sleeplessness." This was narrated by Tabarani in al-Kabir (12/382) from the hadith of Musa bin Ayub Nasibi, who said, Baqiya bin Walid related to us, from Muawiya bin Yahya, from Musa bin Uqba, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar, then he related it. In it is Baqiya bin Walid, who practiced the type of tadlis known as tadlis al-taswiya.