I asked Ayesha, "Why does a menstruating woman make up the fast but not the prayer?"She replied, "Are you a Haruriyyah?"I said, "I am not a Haruriyyah, I am only asking."She said, "This used to happen to us, and we were ordered to make up the fast but were not ordered to make up the prayer."
سألت عائشة، فقلت: ما بال الحائض تقضي الصوم ولا تقضي الصلاة؟ فقالت: أحرورية أنت؟ قلت: لست بحرورية، ولكني أسأل، قالت: يصيبنا ذلك فنؤمر بقضاء الصوم، ولا نؤمر بقضاء الصلاة.
Bukhari related it in the Book of Menstruation (321), and Muslim in the Book of Menstruation (335), through several routes from Muaza, who said, (and she mentioned it), and the wording is Muslim's.The scholars are agreed that the menstruating woman and the woman in postnatal bleeding must break their fast, and if they fast, their fasting is not valid, and they must make up for the days they missed.Matters concerning women in Ramadan. If a woman's bleeding stops in the latter part of the night in Ramadan, it is valid for her to eat the pre-dawn meal and intend to fast. Likewise, if her bleeding stops at the time of Fajr or shortly before it, her fast is valid, even if she does not perform ghusl until after dawn has broken. But if a woman becomes pure from menstruation or postnatal bleeding during the course of the day, she must refrain from eating for the rest of that day out of respect for the sanctity of the month, and she must make up that day later.Shaykh bin Baz was asked about a woman whose monthly cycle ranges between seven and eight days, and who sometimes on the seventh day sees neither blood nor purity. He answered, "Do not be hasty until you see the white discharge that women recognize, which is the sign of purity. The mere stopping of blood is not purity. Purity is only established by seeing the sign of purity, along with the passing of the usual duration."The Permanent Committee was asked about a pregnant woman who sees blood a few days before giving birth, without any sign of approaching labor such as contractions. This is not blood of menstruation or postnatal bleeding, but rather, according to the correct view, blood caused by some disorder, and therefore she does not abandon her acts of worship, but continues to fast and pray. But if she sees blood along with signs of approaching labor such as contractions and the like, then it is postnatal blood, on account of which she abandons prayer and fasting. Then, once she becomes pure from it after giving birth, she makes up the fasting but not the prayer. (Fatwas of the Permanent Committee)As for the use of pills in Ramadan to prevent the monthly cycle, women differ from one another in this regard. If a woman uses them and finds no harm in doing so, and wishes to take advantage of the virtue of the month of Ramadan, such as reading the Quran, performing the night prayers of Ramadan, and doing Umrah and so on, then there is no harm in that. This is unlike the woman who finds harm and difficulty from using the pills, in which case she should avoid using them, and accept the decree and judgment of Allah, for Allah has ordained this upon the daughters of Adam for a profound wisdom.As for the use of kohl and eye drops in the eye while fasting, the correct view is that it does not affect the fast, as was already discussed in the chapter on what has been said about the use of kohl, whether it breaks the fast or not.