Azami 4597

Tirmidhi narrated it (799) from Qutayba, who said, Abdullah bin Jafar narrated to us, from Zayd bin Aslam, from Muhammad bin Munkadir, from Muhammad bin Kaab, who said (then he mentioned it). Tirmidhi also narrated it from Muhammad bin Ismail, who said, Saeed bin Abu Maryam narrated to us, who said, Muhammad bin Jafar narrated to us, who said, Zayd bin Aslam narrated to me, who said, Muhammad bin Munkadir narrated to me, from Muhammad bin Kaab, and he mentioned something similar. Bayhaqi narrated it (4/247) through the route of Uthman bin Saeed Darimi, who said, Ibn Abu Maryam narrated to us, with his chain, and in it, "Sunset drew near, so he called for food and ate from it." Tirmidhi said, This is a hasan hadith.Muhammad bin Jafar is Ibn Abu Kathir, a trustworthy man from Madinah. He is the brother of Ismail bin Jafar. Abdullah bin Jafar is Ibn Najih, the father of Ali bin Abdullah Madini, and Yahya bin Main used to declare him daif.On this subject there is also a report from Ubayd bin Jabr, who said, I was with Abu Basra Ghifari, a companion of the Prophet ﷺ, on a ship from Fustat during Ramadan. It set off, then he brought his lunch near. Jafar said in his hadith, He had not even gone past the houses when he called for the traveling meal. He said, "Come closer." I said, "Do you not see the houses?" Abu Basra said, "Do you dislike the sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?" Jafar said in his hadith, Then he ate.Abu Dawud narrated it (2412) from Ubaydullah bin Umar, who said, Abdullah bin Zayd narrated to me. Another chain, and Jafar bin Musafir narrated to us, who said, Abdullah bin Yahya narrated to us, with the same meaning. Both of them said, Saeed bin Abu Ayub narrated to me. Jafar added, and Layth. He said, Yazid bin Abu Habib narrated to me, that Kulayb bin Dhahl Hadrami informed him, from Ubayd, Jafar said, bin Jabr, who said, I was with Abu Basra Ghifari (then he mentioned the hadith). Bayhaqi narrated it (4/246) through the route of Abu Dawud.Darimi (1754), Imam Ahmad (27231), and Ibn Khuzayma (2040) all narrated it through the route of Saeed bin Abu Ayub, Yazid bin Abu Habib narrated to me, with his chain, in a similar way. Ibn Khuzayma said, "I do not know Kulayb bin Dhahl, nor Ubayd bin Jabr, and I do not accept the religious reliability of someone whose integrity I do not know."What Ibn Khuzayma said is sound reasoning based on solid scholarly principles, but neither he nor his student Ibn Hibban applied it to many narrators about whom nothing was known, yet they included their hadiths in their two Sahih collections. This has been pointed out in many places.As for Kulayb bin Dhahl, he was an Egyptian. Ibn Hibban mentioned him in Thiqat (7/356), and Bukhari gave him a biographical entry in Tarikh al-Kabir (7/230), and Ibn Abu Hatim in Jarh wa Tadil (7/167), but neither of them said anything about him. Hafiz said of him, "acceptable," meaning if corroborated, but if not corroborated, then he is weak in transmission.As for Ubayd bin Jabr, he is Ghifari, Abu Jafar Misri, the freedman of Abu Basra. He narrated from his patron about breaking the fast while traveling, while the houses were still in sight. Fasawi mentioned him in Marifa wal-Tarikh (2/492) among the trustworthy Followers, and Ajli and Ibn Hibban both deemed him trustworthy.On this subject there is also a report from Dihya bin Khalifa, that he once set out from a village near Damascus to a distance comparable to that between the village of Uqba and Fustat, that being three miles, during Ramadan. He then broke his fast, and some people broke their fast with him, while others disliked to break their fast. When he returned to his village he said, "By Allah, today I saw something I never thought I would see. Some people turned away from the guidance of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions." He was saying this to those who had fasted. Then at that he said, "O Allah, take me to You."Abu Dawud (2413), Imam Ahmad (27231), Ibn Khuzayma (2041), and Bayhaqi (4/241) all narrated it through the route of Layth, who said, Yazid bin Abu Habib narrated to me, from Abu Khayr, from Mansur Kalbi, from Dihya bin Khalifa, and he mentioned it. Ibn Khuzayma said, "I do not know this Mansur bin Zayd Kalbi either by way of integrity or by way of criticism." I say, It is as he said, and Ibn Madini had already said before him, "unknown." Dhahabi said, "No one narrated from him except Marthad Yazani, meaning Abu Khayr, his hadith about the traveler breaking his fast at three miles." Hafiz said in Taqrib, "obscure." But parts of it corroborate each other, and it is strengthened by the practice of the early generations.Anas bin Malik said, Abu Musa said to me, "Have I not been informed, or was I not told, that you go out fasting and come back fasting?" He said, I said, "Yes." He said, "Then when you go out, go out having broken your fast, and when you come back, come back having broken your fast." And from Amr bin Shurahbil, that he used to travel while fasting, and would break his fast that same day. Bayhaqi narrated both of these (4/247).Imam Ahmad, Ishaq, Dawud, and Muzani among the Shafiis held firmly to these reports, and they said, If someone intends to fast and then travels, he is permitted to break his fast. But it is said that Muzani later retracted his opinion.Malik, Abu Hanifa, and Shafii said, Whoever does not leave the town's built-up area until after Fajr may not break his fast on that day, because he is among those who witnessed the month while a resident, so he must fast, since the Prophet ﷺ did not leave Madinah during Ramadan having already broken his fast, but rather broke his fast while on the road. But if the resident travels at night and leaves the town's built-up area before Fajr, then he may break his fast, without dispute. This is what is understood from the noble verse "or traveling" [Baqarah 2:184].Whoever the sun sets on while he is on the ground, and he breaks his fast, and then the plane takes off with him and he sees the sun in the sky, is not required to refrain from eating again, because he has completed his fast. But if the plane takes off with him before sunset, and he wants to complete the fast of that day while traveling, then he should not break his fast until the sun sets.Whoever travels from one country to another where they are a day or two behind in fasting, and he has already completed thirty days of fasting, then according to the soundest of the scholars' opinions, he should fast along with them, based on the words of Allah, "So whoever among you witnesses the month, let him fast it" [Baqarah 2:185], as a recommended act out of respect for the month of Ramadan.If Muslims are in a country where the day lasts twenty-four hours, they should fast according to the nearest country to them where night and day are distinguishable.And Allah knows best what is correct.