I was with Mutarrif in the camel market when an Arabi came to him carrying a piece of leather, or a satchel. He said, "Who can read? Is there anyone among you who can read?"I said, "Yes."So I took it, and there was written, "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to the Banu Zuhayr bin Uqaysh, a clan of Ukl. If they testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, separate themselves from the polytheists, and acknowledge the fifth due from their war spoils, along with the Prophet's ﷺ share and his chosen portion, then they shall have the protection of Allah and His Messenger."Some of the people said to him, "Have you heard anything from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that you can relate to us?"He replied, "Yes."They said, "Then narrate to us, may Allah have mercy on you."He said, "I heard him say, 'Whoever wishes to remove much of the rancor in his chest, let him fast the month of patience and three days of every month.'"Some of the people, or one of them, said to him, "Did you yourself hear this from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?"He replied, "Do I see you accusing me of lying about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?" Ismail once said, "Do I see you suspecting me? By Allah, I will not narrate a single hadith to you for the rest of the day." Then he left.
كنت مع مطرف في سوق الإبل، فجاءه أعرابي معه قطعة أديم، أو جراب، فقال: من يقرأ أو فيكم من يقرأ؟ قلت: نعم، فأخذته فإذا فيه: بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم، من محمد رسول الله، لبني زهير بن أقيش- حي من عكل- أنهم إن شهدوا أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدا رسول الله، وفارقوا المشركين، وأقروا بالخمس في غنائمهم، وسهم النبي ﷺ وصفيه، فإنهم آمنون بأمان الله ورسوله. فقال له بعض القوم: هل سمعت من رسول الله ﷺ شيئا تحدثناه؟ قال: نعم. قالوا: فحدثنا يرحمك الله، قال: سمعته يقول: من سره أن يذهب كثير من وحر صدره فليصم شهر الصبر، وثلاثة أيام من كل شهر. فقال له القوم أو بعضهم: أأنت سمعت هذا من رسول الله ﷺ؟ فقال: ألا أراكم تتهموني أن أكذب على رسول الله ﷺ؟ وقال إسماعيل مرة: تخافون. والله لا أحدثنكم حديثا سائر اليوم. ثم انطلق.
Imam Ahmad (20737) narrated it from Ismail, who said, Jareeri narrated to us, from Abu Ala bin Shakhir, who said (then he mentioned the hadith in full). Jareeri is Saeed bin Iyas, who suffered mixing up of his memory (ikhtilat), but Ismail, who is Ibn Ulaya, heard from him before this mixing occurred, and others have corroborated him in this, just as Jareeri was not the sole narrator of it. The name of the Bedouin is Namr bin Tawlab bin Zuhayr Ukli.The story of this man was mentioned by each of Ibn Qani in Mujam Sahabah (3/165-166), Tabarani in Mujam al-Awsat (4937), and Nasai (4146), through routes from Jareeri, in abridged form. It was also narrated by Abu Dawud (2999) and Imam Ahmad (23070), both from the hadith of Qurra bin Khalid, from Yazid bin Abdullah bin Shikhir, from the Bedouin, who said, I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, "The fasting of patience, and three days from every month, remove the rancor of the chest."The wording of Abu Dawud states, he said, "We were at Mirbad, when a man with disheveled hair came, holding in his hand a piece of red leather. We said, 'It seems you are from the desert people.' He said, 'Yes.' We said, 'Hand us this piece of leather that is in your hand.' So he handed it to us, and we read it, and in it was, 'From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, to the sons of Zuhayr...'" He mentioned it in abridged form, and it does not mention fasting.This chain of transmission is sahih, and Qurra bin Khalid Sadusi is a reliable and precise narrator, and he is a strong corroborator for Jareeri. His statement, "the rancor of the chest," with two vowelled letters, means grudge or resentment.