A man died during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and some of the people said, "Messenger of Allah, do not pray over him."The Prophet ﷺ asked, "Has any of you seen him doing any good deed?"A man replied, "He stood guard with us on such-and-such a night."So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed over him, then walked to his grave and threw earth upon it, saying, "Your companions suppose that you are among the people of the Fire, but I bear witness that you are among the people of Paradise."Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Umar, "You are not questioned about people's deeds, you are only questioned about backbiting."In another narration, "You are only questioned about the natural disposition."
أن رجلا توفي على عهد رسول الله ﷺ فقال بعضهم يا رسول الله! لا تصل عليه، فقال: هل رآه أحد منكم على شيء من أعمال الخير فقال رجل: حرس معنا ليلة كذا وكذا، قال: فصلى عليه رسول الله ﷺ، ثم مشى إلى قبره ثم حثا عليه ويقول: إن أصحابك يظنون أنك من أهل النار، وأنا أشهد أنك من أهل الجنة، ثم قال رسول الله ﷺ لعمر: إنك لا تسأل عن أعمال الناس، وإنما تسأل عن الغيبة. وفي رواية: وإنما تسأل عن الفطرة.
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It was narrated by Abu Yaala, in Matalib Aliyah (888), and by Baghawi, Abu Ahmad, and Hakim, as mentioned in Isabah (4/134), all of them through the route of Ismail bin Ayyash, who said, "Buhayr bin Saad narrated to us, from Khalid bin Madan, from Abu Atiya." The second narration is found with Abu Ahmad, through the narration of Baghawi. Ismail bin Ayyash is trustworthy in his narrations from the Syrians, and this is one of them, but in narrations from non-Syrians he is confused.Baqiya bin Walid corroborated him, narrating from Buhayr bin Saad with the same chain. Tabarani narrated this in Kabir (22/378). Baqiya is known to conceal his sources, but he explicitly stated that he heard it directly. However, this chain contains Tabarani's teacher, Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Irq Himsi, whom Dhahabi declared daif, as mentioned in Majma (5/288).As for what was narrated from Ibn Umar, attributed to the Prophet, "Pray over whoever said there is no god but Allah, and pray behind whoever said there is no god but Allah," it is daif. Daraqutni narrated it (2/56) through the route of Uthman bin Abdul-Rahman, from Ata bin Abu Rabah, from Ibn Umar, who mentioned it. Uthman bin Abdul-Rahman is al-Qurashi. Dhahabi said about him in Mizan that Ibn Main said, "He is nothing," and on another occasion said, "He lies." Ali, that is, Ibn Madini, declared him severely daif.Daraqutni also narrated it through another route which contains Abu Walid Makhzumi, who is Khalid bin Ismail. Ibn Adi said of him, "He is accused of lying." It has yet another route which contains Muhammad bin Fadl, of whom Ahmad said, "His hadith is the hadith of liars." In summary, every route through which this hadith was narrated fails to be sound. This is why Daraqutni said, "None of them is established."Likewise, what was narrated from Abu Hurairah, attributed to the Prophet, "The prayer is obligatory over every Muslim who dies, whether righteous or sinful, even if he committed major sins," is not sound either. Abu Dawud narrated it (594) in abridged form, and Daraqutni (2/56) in a lengthy version, both through the route of Makhul, from Abu Hurairah. This chain has a break, since Makhul never met Abu Hurairah. Daraqutni mentioned other hadiths of similar meaning and declared them daif as well.