Azami 2388

Malik narrated it in the chapter on Prayer (4), from Ala bin Abdul-Rahman bin Yaqub, from his father, and Ishaq bin Abdullah, that both of them informed him that they heard Abu Hurairah say what he then related. Muslim narrated it through one of his routes from Ala bin Abdul-Rahman, and the two Shaykhs narrated it through routes other than Malik's, from Zuhri, from Abu Saeed on one occasion, and on another occasion paired him with Abu Salama, both of them from Abu Hurairah with similar wording. Bukhari narrated it in the chapter on the adhan (636) and the chapter on Friday prayer (908), and Muslim in the chapter on the mosques (602).The meaning of "thawwaba" is "the call to prayer had been made" as found in some of the narrations. The iqama was called "tathwib" because it is a call to prayer following the call already given by the adhan, taken from their saying "thaba," meaning "he returned."Abu Dawud said (1/384), after narrating the hadith through the route of Yunus, from Zuhri, from Saeed bin Musayab and Abu Salama, from Abu Hurairah with similar wording, "Thus said Zubaydi, Ibn Abu Dhib, Ibrahim bin Saad, Maamar, and Shuayb bin Abu Hamza, from Zuhri, 'and whatever you have missed, complete it.' Ibn Uyayna said, from Zuhri alone, 'make it up.' Muhammad bin Amr said, from Abu Salama, from Abu Hurairah, and Jafar bin Rabia, from Araj, from Abu Hurairah, 'complete it.'"Then he narrated through the route of Shuba, from Saad bin Ibrahim, who said, I heard Abu Salama, from Abu Hurairah, from the Prophet ﷺ, say, "Come to the prayer with calm and tranquility, so pray what you catch and make up what you have missed."He said, "Ibn Sirin likewise said, from Abu Hurairah, 'and let him make it up.' Abu Rafi said the same, from Abu Hurairah. And Abu Dharr narrated from him, 'complete it and make it up.' So there is disagreement about it." End of quote.This disagreement points to a real difference between the wording "complete" and the wording "make up." "Complete" means "finish," so what the follower catches up with the imam counts as the first part of his prayer, and what he completes afterward is the last part of it. Most of the narrations support this, and Bayhaqi (2/298) likewise favored this view. The meaning of "make up," on the other hand, is that what the follower catches with the imam is the last part of his prayer, so he makes up what he missed from the beginning of it. If the prayer is one recited aloud, it is recommended for him to recite aloud in the two rakats and to recite the surah, and to omit the qunut, according to the Shafiis, in the dawn prayer if he missed the first rakat. Shafii, along with the majority of scholars, held that what the latecomer catches with the imam is the first part of his prayer, and what he performs after the imam's closing salutation is the last part of it.Abu Hanifa said, "What he catches with the imam is the last part of his prayer, and what he performs after the salutation is the first part of it." From Malik and his companions there are two reports corresponding to these two positions.The argument of the majority is that most of the narrations read "and whatever you have missed, complete it," and what appears in some narrations as "make it up" is a report given in meaning, intending simply the performing of the act, not the technical sense of "making up" as defined by the jurists, similar to His saying, exalted is He, "When you have completed your rites" [Baqarah 2:200], and His saying, exalted is He, "When the prayer is concluded" [Jumua 62:10], and other similar verses. The matter is treated at length in the books of jurisprudence. For more, see Minna Kubra (2/30–31).