The Messenger of Allah ﷺ taught me, and among what he taught me was, "Maintain the five prayers."I said, "These are times when I have occupations. So instruct me with a comprehensive command which, if I act upon it, will suffice me."He said, "Maintain the two coolnesses." This was not part of our dialect, so I asked, "What are the two coolnesses?"He replied, "A prayer before the rising of the sun, and a prayer before its setting."
علمني رسول الله ﷺ فكان فيما علمني: وحافظ على الصلوات الخمس قال: قلت: إن هذه ساعات لي فيها أشغال، فمرني بأمر جامع إذا أنا فعلته أجزأ عني؟ فقال: حافظ على العصرين وما كانت لغتنا؟ فقلت: وما العصران؟ فقال: صلاة قبل طلوع الشمس، وصلاة قبل غروبها.
Abu Dawud (428) narrated it from Amr bin Awn, [who said], Khalid told us, from Dawud bin Abu Hind, from Abu Harb bin Abu Aswad, from Abdullah bin Fadala, and he mentioned it. Its chain is sahih. Ibn Hibban (1742) also graded it sahih, and Hakim (1/199-200) [narrated it and graded it sahih], both of them narrating it through the route of Khalid in the same manner. He said, "Sahih according to the standard of Muslim, though the two of them [Bukhari and Muslim] did not include it. Abdullah is Ibn Fadala bin Ubayd, and two hadiths of his were included in the Sahih."I say, Abdullah bin Fadala bin Ubayd Al-Laythi Al-Zahrani is not among the narrators of Muslim, but he is trustworthy. There is disagreement over whether he was a companion. The correct view is that he saw the Prophet ﷺ but did not hear from him directly. So whoever narrates from him directly from the Prophet ﷺ has related it as mursal, and whoever establishes his father as an intermediary between them has given the correct version. The hadith has other chains of transmission as well, and the one I have mentioned is the best of them.