Abu Dharr said, "Messenger of Allah, the wealthy people have taken away all the rewards. They pray as we pray and fast as we fast, but they have surplus wealth which they give in charity, while we have no wealth to give in charity."The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Abu Dharr, shall I not teach you words by which you will catch up with those who have surpassed you, and none will overtake you except one who does the same as you?"Abu Dharr replied, "Yes, Messenger of Allah."He said, "After every prayer, say Allahu Akbar thirty-three times, Alhamdulillah thirty-three times, and Subhan Allah thirty-three times, and seal it with, 'There is no god but Allah alone, with no partner. To Him belongs the dominion, to Him belongs all praise, and He has power over all things.' Whoever does this, his sins will be forgiven even if they are like the foam of the sea."
قال يا رسول الله! ذهب أصحاب الدثور بالأجور، يصلون كما نصلي، ويصومون كما نصوم، ولهم فضول أموال يتصدقون بها، وليس لنا مال نتصدق به، فقال رسول الله ﷺ: يا أبا ذر ألا أعلمك كلمات تدرك بهن من سبقك، ولا يلحقك من خلفك إلا من أخذ بمثل عملك؟ قال: بلى يا رسول الله، قال: تكبر الله عز وجل دبر كل صلاة ثلاثا وثلاثين، وتحمده ثلاثا وثلاثين، وتسبحه ثلاثا وثلاثين، وتختمها بلا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له، له الملك وله الحمد، وهو على كل شيء قدير، غفرت له ذنوبه ولو كانت مثل زبد البحر.
Abu Dawud (1504) narrated it from Abdul-Rahman bin Ibrahim (that is, Duhaym), he said, Walid bin Muslim narrated to us, Uzai narrated to us, Hassan bin Atiya narrated to me, he said, Muhammad bin Abu Ayesha narrated to me, he said, Abu Hurairah narrated to me, he said, Abu Dharr said, then he related it. Its chain of transmission is sahih, and Walid bin Muslim is a mudallis, but he stated explicitly that he heard it directly. Ibn Hibban also reported it in his Sahih (2015), and it is found in Imam Ahmad (7243) from Walid bin Muslim with this same chain.Ibn Majah (927) narrated it from Husayn bin Hasan Marwazi, who said, Sufyan bin Uyayna narrated to us, from Bishr bin Asim, from his father, from Abu Dharr, who said, it was said to the Prophet ﷺ, and sometimes Sufyan said, I said, "O Messenger of Allah," and in it came the words, "Shall I not tell you of something which, if you do it, you will catch up with those before you and surpass those after you? You praise Allah after every prayer, and glorify Him, and say takbir for Him, thirty-three times, thirty-three times, and thirty-four times." Sufyan said, I do not know which of them was the four.I say, it has already come in the hadith of Kaab bin Ujra that the takbir is thirty-four times, and this is also supported by the coming hadith of Zayd bin Thabit. Ibn Khuzayma also reported it in his Sahih (748) from Abdul-Jabbar bin Ala, Sufyan narrated to us with it similarly, and he added at the end of the hadith, along with his words "after every prayer," the words, "and when you lie down on your bed."