On that day Allah gathered together for him every soul that would ever come from him until the Day of Resurrection. He made them spirits, then gave them form, then made them speak, and they spoke, and He took from them the pledge and the covenant. "And when your Lord took from the children of Adam, from their loins, their descendants, and made them testify concerning themselves, 'Am I not your Lord?' They said, 'Yes, we bear witness.' This was lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection, 'We were unaware of this,' or lest you should say, 'It was only our forefathers who associated others with Allah before us, and we were merely their descendants who came after them. Will You then destroy us for what those falsifiers did?'" [Araf 7:172–173]Allah said, "I call the seven heavens and the seven earths to witness against you, and I call your father Adam to witness against you, lest you say on the Day of Resurrection, 'We did not know of this.' Know that there is no god but Me and no lord but Me, and associate nothing with Me. I shall send you messengers who will remind you of My pledge and My covenant, and I shall send down to you My books."They replied, "We bear witness that You are our Lord and our God. We have no lord but You and no god but You." So they acknowledged their obedience to Him.Then Adam's sight was raised so that he could see them, and he saw among them the rich and the poor, the beautiful in form and those less so. He said, "My Lord, why did You not make Your servants equal?"Allah answered, "I loved that I should be thanked."And he saw among them the prophets, like lamps upon light, and they were singled out with a further covenant of messengership and prophethood. This is what the Exalted refers to when He says, "And when We took from the prophets their covenant, and from you, and from Nuh and Ibrahim and Musa and Isa the son of Maryam" [Ahzab 33:7]. And it is this that He means when He says, "So set your face toward the religion, inclining to the truth, the natural disposition of Allah upon which He created mankind. There is no altering the creation of Allah" [Rum 30:30]. Of this He also said, "This is a warner like the warners of former times" [Najm 53:56]. And of this He said, "And We found most of them not true to any covenant, and We found most of them to be defiantly disobedient" [Araf 7:102].
في قول الله تعالى: {ولقد آتينا داوود منا فضلا يا جبال أوبي معه والطير وألنا له الحديد أن اعمل سابغات وقدر في السرد واعملوا صالحا إني بما تعملون بصير ولسليمان الريح غدوها شهر ورواحها شهر وأسلنا له عين القطر ومن الجن من يعمل بين يديه بإذن ربه ومن يزغ منهم عن أمرنا نذقه من عذاب السعير يعملون له ما يشاء من محاريب وتماثيل وجفان كالجواب وقدور راسيات اعملوا آل داوود شكرا وقليل من عبادي الشكور} [سورة الأعراف: ١٧٢- ١٧٣]
جمعهم له يومئذ جميعا ما هو كائن منه إلى يوم القيامة، فجعلهم أرواحا ثم صورهم، ثم استنطقهم وتكلموا، وأخذ عليهم العهد والميثاق {وإذ أخذ ربك من بني آدم من ظهورهم ذريتهم وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم قالوا بلى شهدنا أن تقولوا يوم القيامة إنا كنا عن هذا غافلين أو تقولوا إنما أشرك آباؤنا من قبل وكنا ذرية من بعدهم أفتهلكنا بما فعل المبطلون} قال: فإني أشهد عليكم السموات السبع، والأرضين السبع، وأشهد عليكم أباكم آدم أن تقولوا يوم القيامة: لم نعلم بهذا، اعلموا أن لا إله غيري ولا رب غيري، ولا تشركوا بي شيئا، وإني سأرسل لكم رسلا يذكرونكم عهدي وميثاقي، وأنزل عليكم كتبي قالوا: نشهد أنك ربنا وإلهنا لا رب لنا غيرك، ولا إله لنا غيرك، فأقروا له بالطاعة، ورفع آدم لهم أبصارهم فرأى فيهم الغني والفقير، وحسن الصورة ودون ذلك، فقال: يا رب لو سويت بين عبادك؟ قال: إني أحببت أن أشكر، وأرى فيهم الأنبياء مثل السرج على النور، وخصوا بميثاق آخر من الرسالة والنبوة فهو الذي يقول تعالى: {وإذ أخذنا من النبيين ميثاقهم ومنك ومن نوح وإبراهيم وموسى وعيسى ابن مريم} [سورة الأحزاب: ٧]، وهو الذي يقول: {فأقم وجهك للدين حنيفا فطرت الله التي فطر الناس عليها لا تبديل لخلق الله} [سورة الروم: ٣٠]. وفي ذلك قال: {هذا نذير من النذر الأولي} [سورة النجم: ٥٦]. وفي ذلك قال: {وما وجدنا لأكثرهم من عهد وإن وجدنا أكثرهم لفاسقين} [سورة الأعراف: ١٠٢].
Ibn Abu Hatim narrated it in his Tafsir (5/1615), Ibn Jareer Tabari in his Tafsir (10/557), Hakim (2/323), and Diya in al-Mukhtarah (1159), all of them through chains going back to Abu Jafar Isa bin Abdullah bin Mahan, from Rabi bin Anas, from Abu Aliyah Rafi, from Ubayy bin Kaab, as his own statement. Hakim said, "Its isnad is sahih." I say, Rabi bin Anas did not reach the level of being trustworthy, but his hadith is hasan.On this subject there is also what was narrated from Abu Hurairah as a marfu report, "When Allah created Adam, He wiped his back, and every soul He would create until the Day of Resurrection came forth from it. Then He removed a rib from his ribs and created Eve from it. Then He took the covenant from them, "Am I not your Lord? They said, Yes, we testify, lest you say on the Day of Resurrection, Indeed, we were unaware of this." [Araf 7:172]." He then related the hadith at length, and it includes the story of Adam granting forty years of his life to Dawud. So it is daif.Ibn Abu Hatim narrated it in his Tafsir (5/1614) from Abbas bin Walid bin Mazyad Bayruti, by dictation, Muhammad bin Shuayb told us, Abdul-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam informed me, from his father Zayd bin Aslam, who reported it from Ata bin Yasar, from Abu Hurairah, and he related the hadith. Abdul-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam is daif. The hadith is hasan without the part about the testimony, and it will come later in the book on divine decree.Likewise, on this subject there is also what was narrated from Abu Umama as a marfu report, "When Allah created creation and settled the matter, He took the people of the right hand in His right hand and the people of the left hand in His left hand. He said, 'O people of the right hand,' and they said, 'At Your service and at Your pleasure.' He said, 'Am I not your Lord?' They said, 'Yes.' He said, 'O people of the left hand,' and they said, 'At Your service and at Your pleasure.' He said, 'Am I not your Lord?' They said, 'Yes.' Then He mixed them together, and someone said, 'O Lord, why did You mix them together?' He said, 'They have deeds besides that which they will carry out, so that they will say on the Day of Resurrection, "Indeed, we were unaware of this."' Then He returned them into the loins of Adam."Its isnad is daif. Ibn Mardawayh narrated it, as Ibn Kathir said, through the route of Jafar bin Zubayr, from Qasim, from Abu Umama, and he related something similar. Tabarani also narrated it through this same route in al-Kabir (8/287), with some difference in wording and context. Ibn Kathir said, Jafar bin Zubayr is daif, but he was corroborated by Bishr bin Numayr, who is even weaker than him, and through his route Abu Shaykh narrated it in al-Azamah (228).In sum, the hadith of Abu Umama is daif.