The Prophet ﷺ used to recite "The name of your Lord, the Most High" [Ala 87:1] in the noon prayer, and in the morning prayer he would recite something longer than that.
أن النبي ﷺ كان يقرأ في الظهر بـ{اسم ربك الأعلى}. وفي الصبح بأطول من ذلك.
This was narrated by Muslim in the Book of Prayer (460), via Abu Dawud Tayalisi, from Shuba, from Simak, from Jabir bin Samura, as mentioned.It is also found in Musnad Abu Dawud Tayalisi (800) through this same route, and it states, "He would recite in Dhuhr and Asr something like "By the night as it covers" [Layl 92:1] and similar surahs, and in Fajr he would recite something longer than that."This wording was also transmitted by Muslim (459) via Abdul-Rahman bin Mahdi, from Shuba, with the same chain.Ibn Khuzayma (510) also narrated it via Abu Dawud Tayalisi, with his chain of transmission, and in it he mentioned "By the night as it covers" [Layl 92:1] and "By the sun and its morning brightness" [Shams 91:1] and similar surahs, with the rest matching.