Shahr bin Hawshab reported,

Ibn Ghanem reported, "When Abu Darda and I entered the mosque of Jabiyah, we met Ubada bin Samit. He took my right hand with his left hand and Abu Darda's left hand with his right, and walked between us while we were conversing privately. Allah knows best what we were discussing, and that was what he was speaking about."Ubada bin Samit said, "If one of you, or both of you, lives long enough, you will surely see a man from among the mainstream of the Muslims, meaning from their middle ranks, who has recited the Quran in the manner taught by Muhammad ﷺ. He has repeated and mastered it, deemed lawful what it makes lawful and forbidden what it forbids, and applied it according to its proper meanings. Or he has recited it through his brother in the manner taught by Muhammad ﷺ, repeated and mastered it, deemed lawful what it makes lawful and forbidden what it forbids, and applied it according to its proper meanings. Yet he will return among you with no more benefit than the head of a dead donkey returns."He continued, "While we were in that state, Shaddad bin Aws and Awf bin Malik came up and joined us."Shaddad said, "What I fear most for you, O people, is what I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ speak of, the hidden desire and shirk."Ubada bin Samit and Abu Darda replied, "May Allah forgive us. Did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ not tell us that Satan has despaired of being worshipped in the Arabian Peninsula? As for hidden desire, we recognize it, it is the desires of this world such as women and its pleasures. But what is this shirk you are warning us about, Shaddad?"Shaddad answered, "Tell me, if you saw a man praying for the sake of another man, or fasting for him, or giving charity for him, would you consider that he has committed shirk?"They said, "Yes, by Allah. Whoever prays for a man, or fasts for him, or gives charity for him, has indeed committed shirk."Shaddad then said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, 'Whoever prays to be seen has committed shirk, whoever fasts to be seen has committed shirk, and whoever gives charity to be seen has committed shirk.'"At that point Awf bin Malik said, "Why does He not take from such a deed the portion that was sought for His sake, accepting what was purely for Him and discarding what was associated with another?"Shaddad replied, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, 'Allah says, I am the best partitioner for the one who associates partners with Me. Whoever associates anything with Me, the entirety of his deed, little or much, belongs to the partner he associated with Me, and I have no need of it.'"

عن شهر بن حوشب

أنه سمع ابن غنم: لما دخلنا مسجدالجابية أنا وأبو الدرداء لقينا عبادة بن الصامت، فأخذ يميني بشماله وشمال أبي الدرداء بيمينه، فخرج يمشي بيننا ونحن ننتجي والله أعلم بما نتناجى وذاك قوله، فقال عبادة بن الصامت: لئن طال بكما عمر أحدكما أو كلاكما لتوشكان أن تريا الرجل من ثبج المسلمين- يعني من وسط- قرأ القرآن على لسان محمد ﷺ. فأعاده وأبداه، وأحل حلاله، وحرم حرامه، ونزل عند منازله، أو قرأه على لسان أخيه قراءة على لسان محمد ﷺ، فأعاده وأبداه، وأحل حلاله، وحرم حرامه، ونزل عند منازله، لا يحور فيكم إلا كما يحور رأس الحمار الميت. قال: فبينا نحن كذلك إذ طلع شداد بن أوس وعوف بن مالك، فجلسا إلينا، فقال شداد: إن أخوف ما أخاف عليكم أيها الناس لما سمعت من رسول الله ﷺ يقول: من الشهوة الخفية والشرك فقال عبادة بن الصامت وأبو الدرداء: اللهم غفرا، أولم يكن رسول الله ﷺ قد حدثنا: إن الشيطان قد يئس أن يعبد في جزيرة العرب؟ فأما الشهوة الخفية فقد عرفناها، هي شهوات الدنيا من نسائها وشهواتها، فما هذا الشرك الذي تخوفنا به يا شداد؟ فقال شداد: أرأيتكم لو رأيتم رجلا يصلي لرجل، أو يصوم له، أو يتصدق له، أترون أنه قد أشرك؟ قالوا: نعم والله، إنه من صلى لرجل، أو صام، له أو تصدق له، لقد أشرك. فقال شداد: فإني قد سمعت رسول الله ﷺ يقول: من صلى يرائي فقد أشرك، ومن صام يرائي فقد أشرك، ومن تصدق يرائي فقد أشرك فقال عوف بن مالك عند ذلك: أفلا يعمد إلى ما ابتغي فيه وجهه من ذلك العمل كله، فيقبل ما خلص له، ويدع ما يشرك به؟ فقال شداد عندذلك: فإني قد سمعت رسول الله ﷺ يقول: إن الله عز وجل يقول: أنا خير قسيم لمن أشرك بي، من أشرك بي، من أشرك بي شيئا فإن حشده عمله قليله وكثيره لشريكه الذي أشركه به، وأنا عنه غني.