I was a blacksmith, and Aas bin Waail owed me a debt. I went to him to collect it, and he said to me, "I will not pay you until you disbelieve in Muhammad."I replied, "I will not disbelieve in him until you die and then are resurrected."He said, "And will I really be resurrected after death? Then I shall pay you when I return to wealth and children."So this verse was revealed, "Have you seen the one who disbelieved in Our verses and said, 'I will surely be given wealth and children'? Has he looked into the unseen, or has he taken from the Most Merciful a covenant? No! We will record what he says and extend for him from the punishment extensively. And We will inherit him for what he says, and he will come to Us alone." [Maryam 19:77–80].
كنت رجلا قينا، وكان لي على العاصي بن وائل دين، فأتيته أتقاضاه، فقال لي: لا أقضيك حتى تكفر بمحمد. قال: قلت: لن أكفر به حتى تموت، ثم تبعث. قال: وإني لمبعوث من بعد الموت، فسوف أقضيك إذا رجعت إلى مال وولد. قال: فنزلت: {أفرأيت الذي كفر بآياتنا وقال لأوتين مالا وولدا أطلع الغيب أم اتخذ عند الرحمن عهدا كلا سنكتب ما يقول ونمد له من العذاب مدا ونرثه ما يقول ويأتينا فردا}.
Bukhari narrated it in tafsir (4735), and Muslim narrated it in the description of the Resurrection, Paradise, and Hellfire (2795), both through the route of Waki, from Amash, from Abu Duha, from Masruq, from Khabab, who said, then he mentioned it. The wording given is that of Bukhari, and the wording of Muslim is similar.