Whenever the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed a commander over an army or a raiding party, he would personally enjoin upon him the fear of Allah and instruct him to treat the Muslims accompanying him well. Then he would say, "Fight in the name of Allah, in the path of Allah. Fight those who disbelieve in Allah. Go forth to battle, but do not embezzle from the spoils, do not act treacherously, do not mutilate the dead, and do not kill a child.When you meet your enemy from among the polytheists, call them to three options. Whichever of them they accept, accept it from them and refrain from fighting them.First, call them to Islam. If they accept, accept it from them and refrain from fighting them. Then call them to relocate from their land to the land of the Muhajirin, and inform them that if they do so, they will have the same rights as the Muhajirin and the same obligations. If they refuse to relocate from their land, inform them that they will be like the Bedouin Muslims, subject to the same rule of Allah that applies to all believers, but they will have no share of the spoils of war or fay, unless they fight alongside the Muslims.If they refuse, then ask them to pay the jizya. If they accept, accept it from them and refrain from fighting them. If they refuse, then seek the help of Allah and fight them.When you besiege the people of a fortress and they want you to grant them the protection of Allah and the protection of His Prophet, do not grant them the protection of Allah nor the protection of His Prophet. Rather, grant them your own protection and the protection of your companions, for it is a lesser matter if you violate your own protection and that of your companions than if you violate the protection of Allah and His Messenger.When you besiege the people of a fortress and they want you to bring them down according to the judgment of Allah, do not bring them down according to the judgment of Allah. Rather, bring them down according to your own judgment, for you do not know whether you will hit upon Allah's judgment regarding them or not."
كان رسول الله ﷺ إذا أمر أميرا على جيش أو سرية، أوصاه في خاصته بتقوى الله ومن معه من المسلمين خيرا، ثم قال: اغزوا باسم الله في سبيل الله، قاتلوا من كفر بالله، اغزوا، ولا تغلوا، ولا تغدروا، ولا تمثلوا ولا تقتلوا وليدا، وإذا لقيت عدوك من المشركين، فادعهم إلى ثلاث خصال أو خلال، فأيتهن ما أجابوك فاقبل منهم وكف عنهم، ثم ادعهم إلى الإسلام، فإن أجابوك فاقبل منهم، وكف عنهم، ثم ادعهم إلى التحول من دارهم إلى دار المهاجرين، وأخبرهم أنهم إن فعلوا ذلك، فلهم ما للمهاجرين وعليهم ما على المهاجرين، فإن أبوا أن يتحولوا منها، فأخبرهم أنهم يكونون كأعراب المسلمين، يجرى عليهم حكم الله الذي يجرى على المؤمنين، ولا يكون لهم في الغنيمة والفيء شيء، إلا أن يجاهدوا مع المسلمين، فإن هم أبوا فسلهم الجزية فإن هم أجابوك فاقبل منهم وكف عنهم، فإن هم أبوا فاستعن بالله وقاتلهم. وإذا حاصرت أهل حصن، فأرادوك أن تجعل لهم ذمة الله وذمة نبيه، فلا تجعل لهم ذمة الله ولا ذمة نبيه، ولكن اجعل لهم ذمتك وذمة أصحابك، فإنكم أن تخفروا ذممكم وذمم أصحابكم أهون من أن تخفروا ذمة الله وذمة رسوله. وإذا حاصرت أهل حصن فأرادوك أن تنزلهم على حكم الله، فلا تنزلهم على حكم الله، ولكن أنزلهم على حكمك، فإنك لا تدري أتصيب حكم الله فيهم أم لا.
Muslim narrated it in the Book of Jihad and Campaigns (1731) through several routes from Sufyan, from Alqama bin Marthad, from Sulayman bin Buraydah, from his father, who said, and then he related it.As for what is reported from Jareer bin Abdullah, who said, "The Messenger of Allah sent a raiding party to Khatham, and some of them sought protection by performing sujud, but the killing proceeded quickly against them anyway." He said, "This reached the Prophet, so he ordered that half the blood money be paid for them, and he said, 'I disown every Muslim who resides among the polytheists.'" They said, "Messenger of Allah, why?" He said, "Their two fires must not be visible to one another." The correct view is that this is mursal.Abu Dawud (2645), Tirmidhi (1604), and Tabarani (2343) all narrated it through the route of Abu Muawiya, from Ismail bin Abu Khalid, from Qays bin Abu Hazim, from Jareer bin Abdullah, and then related it.Abu Dawud then said, "Hushaym, Mutamir, Khalid Wasiti, and a group of others narrated it without mentioning Jareer," meaning that all of them narrated it from Ismail bin Abu Khalid, from Qays, as mursal. This is as he said, and Bukhari, Tirmidhi, Abu Hatim, Daraqutni, and others held the same view.Likewise, what is reported from Samura bin Jundab is not sound. He said the Messenger of Allah said, "Whoever associates with a polytheist and lives with him is just like him."Abu Dawud narrated it (2787) from Muhammad bin Dawud bin Sufyan, who said, Yahya bin Hassan told us, Sulayman bin Dawud Abu Dawud informed us, from his father Sulayman bin Samura, from Samura bin Jundab, and then related it.In this chain there is Jafar bin Saad and his teacher Khubayb bin Sulayman, and his father Sulayman bin Samura, all of whom are unknown narrators.