Umar bin Khattab reported,

On the day of Badr, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked at the polytheists, who numbered a thousand, while his companions were three hundred and nineteen men. The Prophet of Allah ﷺ faced the qibla, then stretched out his hands and began calling upon his Lord, "Allah, fulfill for me what You promised me. Allah, grant me what You promised me. Allah, if this band of the people of Islam perishes, You will not be worshipped on earth."He kept calling upon his Lord with his hands outstretched, facing the qibla, until his cloak fell from his shoulders. Abu Bakr came to him, took his cloak, put it back on his shoulders, then held him from behind and said, "Prophet of Allah, your appeal to your Lord is enough. He will fulfill for you what He promised you."Then Allah revealed "When you sought help from your Lord and He answered you, I will reinforce you with a thousand angels, one following another" [Anfal 8:9]. So Allah reinforced them with the angels.Abu Zumayl said that Ibn Abbas told him, "On that day a man from among the Muslims was pursuing a polytheist ahead of him when he heard the crack of a whip above him and the voice of a horseman saying, 'Forward, Hayzum.' He looked at the polytheist ahead of him and saw him fall on his back. He looked at him closely and found that his nose had been struck and his face split as if by a blow of the whip, and the whole of it had turned green."The Ansari came and told this to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said, "You have spoken the truth. That was reinforcement from the third heaven."They killed seventy that day and captured seventy.Abu Zumayl said that Ibn Abbas said that when they had taken the prisoners, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Abu Bakr and Umar, "What do you think about these prisoners?"Abu Bakr said, "Prophet of Allah, they are our cousins and our kin. I think you should take a fidya from them, so that it becomes strength for us against the disbelievers, and perhaps Allah will guide them to Islam."The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "And what do you think, son of Khattab?"Umar said, "No, by Allah, Messenger of Allah, I do not think what Abu Bakr thinks. I think you should let us strike their necks. Let Ali deal with Aqeel and strike his neck, and let me deal with so and so, a relative of mine, and I will strike his neck. These men are the leaders of disbelief and its chiefs."The Messenger of Allah ﷺ favored what Abu Bakr had said and did not favor what Umar said.Umar said, "The next day I came and found the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr sitting and weeping. I said, 'Messenger of Allah, tell me what makes you and your companion weep. If I find cause for weeping, I will weep, and if I find no cause, I will make myself weep because of your weeping.'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied, 'I weep for what your companions offered me in taking the ransom. Their punishment was shown to me nearer than this tree,' a tree close to the Prophet of Allah."Then Allah revealed "It is not for a prophet to have captives until he has subdued the land" up to His words "So eat of what you have taken as spoils, lawful and good, and fear Allah. Indeed Allah is Forgiving and Merciful" [Anfal 8:67–69]. So Allah made the spoils lawful for them.

عن عمر بن الخطاب قال

لما كان يوم بدر نظر رسول الله ﷺ إلى المشركين وهم، ألف وأصحابه ثلاثمائة وتسعة عشر رجلا، فاستقبل نبي الله ﷺ القبلة، ثم مد يديه، فجعل يهتف بربه: اللهم أنجز لي ما وعدتني، اللهم آت ما وعدتني اللهم إن تهلك هذه العصابة من أهل الإسلام، لا تعبد في الأرض. فما زال يهتف بربه مادا يديه، مستقبل القبلة، حتى سقط رداؤه عن منكبيه، فأتاه أبو بكر فأخذ رداءه، فألقاه على منكبيه، ثم التزمه من ورائه. وقال يا نبي الله: كفاك مناشدتك ربك، فإنه سينجز لك ما وعدك، فأنزل الله عز وجل{إذ تستغيثون ربكم فاستجاب لكم أني ممدكم بألف من الملئكة مردفين} فأمده الله بالملائكة. قال أبو زميل فحدثني ابن عباس قال: بينما رجل من المسلمين يومئذ، يشتد في أثر رجل من المشركين أمامه، إذ سمع ضربة بالسوط فوقه، وصوت الفارس يقول: أقدم حيزوم. فنظر إلى المشرك أمامه، فخر مستلقيا، فنظر إليه، فإذا هو قد خطم أنفه، وشق وجهه كضربة السوط فاخضر ذلك أجمع. فجاء الأنصاري فحدث بذلك رسول الله ﷺ فقال: صدقت ذلك من مدد السماء الثالثة. فقتلوا يومئذ سبعين وأسروا سبعين. قال أبو زميل: قال ابن عباس: فلما أسروا الأسارى، قال رسول الله ﷺ لأبي بكر وعمر: ما ترون في هؤلاء الأسارى. فقال أبو بكر: يا نبي الله ﷺ هم بنو العم والعشيرة، أرى أن تأخذ منهم فدية، فتكون لنا قوة على الكفار، فعسى الله أن يهديهم للإسلام. فقال رسول الله ﷺ: ما ترى يا ابن الخطاب. قلت: لا والله يا رسول الله ما أرى الذي رأى أبو بكر، ولكني أرى إن تمكنا فنضرب أعناقهم، فتمكن عليا من عقيل، فيضرب عنقه، وتمكني من فلان- نسيبا لعمر- فأضرب عنقه. فإن هؤلاء أئمة الكفر وصناديدها. فهوي رسول الله ﷺ ما قال أبو بكر، ولم يهو ما قلت فلما كان من الغد جئت فإذا رسول الله ﷺ وأبو بكر قاعدين يبكيان. قلت: يا رسول الله! أخبرني من أي شيء تبكي أنت وصاحبك فإن وجدت بكاء، بكيت وإن لم أجد بكاء تباكيت لبكائكما. فقال رسول الله ﷺ: أبكي للذي عرض علي أصحابك من أخذهم الفداء لقد عرض علي عذابهم أدنى من هذه الشجرة. شجرة قريبة من نبي الله و و و أنزل الله عز وجل: {ما كان لنبي أن يكون له أسرى حتى يثخن في الأرض} إلى قوله {فكلوا مما غنمتم حللا طيبا واتقوا الله إن الله غفور رحيم} فأحل الله الغنيمة لهم.