The Jews came to Muhammad ﷺ when Allah revealed "Who is it that would loan Allah a goodly loan?" [Baqarah 2:245], and they said, "Is your Lord poor, that He asks His servants for a loan?" So Allah the Exalted revealed "Allah has certainly heard the statement of those who said, 'Indeed, Allah is poor'" [Al Imran 3:181], the verse.
أتت اليهود محمدا ﷺ حين أنزل الله: {من ذا الذي يقرض الله قرضا حسنا} [البقرة: ٢٤٥] فقالوا: أفقير ربك يسأل عباده القرض؟ فأنزل الله تعالى: {لقد سمع الله قول الذين قالوا إن الله فقير} الآية.
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Ibn Abu Hatim narrated it in his Tafsir (3/828) from Ahmad bin Qasim bin Atiya, who said, Ahmad bin Abdul-Rahman narrated to us, my father told me, from his father, Ashath bin Ishaq narrated to us, from Jafar, from Saeed bin Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, and he related it.Its chain is hasan on account of Ashath bin Ishaq, who is Ibn Saad bin Malik bin Hani Ashari Qummi. Jafar is Ibn Abu Mughira, about whom there is disagreement, though his hadith is hasan when he does not err.