Qatada asked Anas which supplication the Prophet ﷺ used to make most often.Anas replied, "The supplication he made most often was, 'O Allah, grant us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire.'"He added that whenever Anas wished to make a single supplication, he would make this one, and whenever he wished to include a supplication within a longer prayer, he would include this one in it.
سأل قتادة أنسا أي دعوة كان يدعو بها النبي ﷺ أكثر؟ قال: كان أكثر دعوة يدعو بها يقول: اللهم آتنا في الدنيا حسنة وفي الآخرة حسنة، وقنا عذاب النار قال: وكان أنس إذا أراد أن يدعو بدعوة دعا بها، فإذا أراد أن يدعو بدعاء دعا بها فيه.
Bukhari narrated it in the Book of Supplications (6389) via Abdul-Warith, and Muslim narrated it in the Book of Remembrance and Supplication (2690) via Ismail bin Ulaya, both of them from Abdul-Aziz with this wording, and the wording given here is Muslim's. He also narrated it via Thabit from Anas, limiting it to only the part traced back to the Prophet.Qadi Iyad said in Ikmal Mulim, commenting on the statement, "His most frequent supplication was, 'Allah, grant us good in this world'" and the rest of the verse, that this is because it gathers together the meanings of all supplication, covering matters of both this world and the hereafter.Ibn Kathir said in his Tafsir (1/558), "This supplication combines every good in this world and turns away every evil, for good in this world encompasses everything one might seek in worldly life, such as health, a spacious home, a good wife, ample provision, beneficial knowledge, righteous deeds, a comfortable means of transport, good praise, and other things included in the statements of the commentators. There is no contradiction between them, for they are all subsumed under good in this world. As for the good in the hereafter, the highest of it is entering Paradise and what follows from it, such as safety from the greatest terror at the gathering places, ease of the reckoning, and other good matters of the hereafter. As for salvation from the Fire, it requires making its means easy in this world, by avoiding forbidden things and sins, and abandoning doubtful matters and what is unlawful."