No, by the Lord of this House, I am not the one who said, "Whoever wakes up in a state of major ritual impurity should not fast." It was Muhammad who said it, by the Lord of the House. I am not the one who forbade fasting on Friday. It was Muhammad who forbade it, by the Lord of the House.
حدثنا سفيان عن عمرو عن يحيى بن جعدة عن عبد الله بن عمرو القاري قال سمعت
لا ورب هذا البيت ما أنا قلت من أصبح جنبا فلا يصوم محمد ورب البيت قاله ما أنا نهيت عن صيام يوم الجمعة محمد نهى عنه ورب البيت
Its isnad is sahih. Yahya bin Jadah bin Hubayra bin Abu Wahb Qurashi, from Banu Makhzum, whose paternal grandmother was Umm Hani bint Abu Talib, was a trustworthy successor (tabii thiqah). Abu Hatim, Nasai, and others confirmed his reliability, and Bukhari gave his biography in al-Kabir 4/2/265. He is also mentioned in Nasab Quraysh by Musab, page 345. He narrates from Abu Hurairah directly, but here he narrated from him through an intermediary.As for Abdullah bin Amr Qari, Ibn Hajar gave his biography in al-Tajil, pages 230-231, mentioning that Hafiz Mizzi concluded in al-Tahdhib that he was actually Abdullah bin Abdul-Qari, brother of Abdul-Rahman bin Abdul-Qari, though he then critiqued this view himself. What appears in al-Tahdhib, in Ibn Hajar's own abridgment, 5:305, is that he pointed to the narration of Yahya bin Jadah from Abdullah bin Amr bin Abdul-Qari from Abu Hurairah. Mizzi said, "Sometimes the grandfather's name is attributed to him, leading some people to think this is the same person, but it is not. Rather, he is the nephew of that person." Ibn Hajar commented on this, saying, "Abdullah bin Abd is mentioned by Ibn Hibban and Baghawi among the Companions, because he had seen the Prophet." He said something similar in al-Tajil. Ibn Hajar himself gave a biography of Abdullah bin Abd in al-Isabah, 5:63.An account of this hadith with two isnads will appear later in the Musnad at 7826. Ahmad narrated it there from Muhammad bin Bakr and from Abdul-Razzaq, both of them from Ibn Jurayj, from Amr bin Dinar, from Yahya bin Jadah, from Abdul-Rahman bin Amr Qari (in the narration of Muhammad bin Bakr) and from Abdullah bin Amr Qari (in the narration of Abdul-Razzaq). It appears that the narration of Abdul-Razzaq is to be preferred, since Ibn Uyayna agreed with him here that the narrator is Abdullah bin Amr, not Abdul-Rahman bin Amr.In my view, based on the sum of these narrations, together with the biography of Abdullah bin Amr Makhzumi in al-Tahdhib 5:342, and the narration of a hadith of his by Muslim, 1:133, it appears that they are three separate individuals, Abdul-Rahman bin Abdul-Qari, his brother Abdullah bin Abdul-Qari, and their nephew Abdullah bin Amr bin Abdul-Qari. Whichever the case may be, the isnad is sahih, since it revolves between two well-known successors, both of them trustworthy.I have not found this hadith with this exact wording in any source other than the Musnad. Ibn Hajar pointed to part of it in al-Fath 4:126, attributing it to Ahmad, and its meaning is established from Abu Hurairah in both of its parts. See also 6771.