On the day of Badr, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "What do you say about these captives?"Abu Bakr said, "Messenger of Allah, they are your people and your kin. Spare them and be patient with them. Perhaps Allah will turn to them in mercy."Umar said, "Messenger of Allah, they drove you out and called you a liar. Bring them forward and strike their necks."Abdullah bin Rawaha said, "Messenger of Allah, look for a valley with abundant firewood, drive them into it, and then set it ablaze upon them."Abbas said, "You have severed your ties of kinship."The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went inside without giving them any reply.Some people said, "He will take Abu Bakr's view." Others said, "He will take Umar's view." Others said, "He will take Abdullah bin Rawaha's view."Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out to them and said, "Indeed, Allah softens the hearts of some men until they are softer than milk, and Allah hardens the hearts of some men until they are harder than stone. Your example, Abu Bakr, is like that of Ibrahim , who said, 'Whoever follows me is of me, and whoever disobeys me, You are surely Forgiving, Merciful' [Ibrahim 14:36]. Your example, Abu Bakr, is also like that of Isa, who said, 'If You punish them, they are Your servants, and if You forgive them, You are the Mighty, the Wise' [Maidah 5:118].And your example, Umar, is like that of Nuh, who said, 'My Lord, do not leave upon the earth a single inhabitant from among the disbelievers' [Nuh 71:26]. Your example, Umar, is also like that of Musa, who said, 'My Lord, harden their hearts so that they will not believe until they see the painful punishment' [Yunus 10:88].You are in need, so let none of them escape except for a ransom or a strike on the neck."Abdullah said, "I said, 'Messenger of Allah, except for Suhayl bin Bayda, for I have heard him speak of Islam.'"He fell silent. Abdullah said, "I had never been more afraid on any day that stones would fall upon me from the sky than I was that day, until he said, 'Except for Suhayl bin Bayda.'"Then Allah
revealed, "It is not for a prophet to have captives until he has thoroughly subdued the land. You desire the goods of this world, but Allah desires the Hereafter, and Allah is Mighty, Wise..." up to His words, "...had it not been for a decree from Allah that preceded, a great punishment would have touched you for what you took" [Anfal 8:67–68].
حدثنا أبو معاوية حدثنا الأعمش عن عمرو بن مرة عن أبي عبيدة
لما كان يوم بدر قال قال رسول الله ﷺ ما تقولون في هؤلاء الأسرى قال فقال أبو بكر يا رسول الله قومك وأهلك استبقهم واستأن بهم لعل الله أن يتوب عليهم قال وقال عمر يا رسول الله أخرجوك وكذبوك قربهم فاضرب أعناقهم قال وقال عبد الله بن رواحة يا رسول الله انظر واديا كثير الحطب فأدخلهم فيه ثم أضرم عليهم نارا قال فقال العباس قطعت رحمك قال فدخل رسول الله ﷺ ولم يرد عليهم شيئا قال فقال ناس يأخذ بقول أبي بكر وقال ناس يأخذ بقول عمر وقال ناس يأخذ بقول عبد الله بن رواحة قال فخرج عليهم رسول الله ﷺ فقال إن الله ليلين قلوب رجال فيه حتى تكون ألين من اللبن وإن الله ليشد قلوب رجال فيه حتى تكون أشد من الحجارة وإن مثلك يا أبا بكر كمثل إبراهيم عليه السلام قال {من تبعني فإنه مني ومن عصاني فإنك غفور رحيم} ومثلك يا أبا بكر كمثل عيسى قال {إن تعذبهم فإنهم عبادك وإن تغفر لهم فإنك أنت العزيز الحكيم} وإن مثلك يا عمر كمثل نوح قال {رب لا تذر على الأرض من الكافرين ديارا} وإن مثلك يا عمر كمثل موسى قال رب {اشدد على قلوبهم فلا يؤمنوا حتى يروا العذاب الأليم} أنتم عالة فلا ينفلتن منهم أحد إلا بفداء أو ضربة عنق قال عبد الله فقلت يا رسول الله إلا سهيل ابن بيضاء فإني قد سمعته يذكر الإسلام قال فسكت قال فما رأيتني في يوم أخوف أن تقع علي حجارة من السماء في ذلك اليوم حتى قال إلا سهيل ابن بيضاء قال فأنزل الله عز وجل {ما كان لنبي أن يكون له أسرى حتى يثخن في الأرض تريدون عرض الدنيا والله يريد الآخرة والله عزيز حكيم} إلى قوله {لولا كتاب من الله سبق لمسكم فيما أخذتم عذاب عظيم}
Its isnad is daif due to a break in transmission. Abu Ubayda did not hear from his father Abdullah bin Masud, as we have said repeatedly. Hakim narrated this hadith (3:21-22) through Jareer, from Amash, and said, "Its isnad is sahih, though the two of them did not narrate it," and Dhahabi agreed with him! But you already know what is wrong with that. Tirmidhi narrated it in a good, abridged form (3:37 and 4:113) from Hannad, from Abu Muawiya, from Amash, and said, "The hadith is hasan," though Abu Ubayda bin Abdullah did not hear from his father. Ibn Kathir quoted it in his tafsir (4:94-95) and in his history (3:297-298), without mentioning its defect in either place. Some of this account about the ransoming of the captives of Badr has already appeared in Musnad Umar (208)."You are ala." Al-ala means the poor.Suhayl bin Bayda, he is Suhayl bin Wahb bin Rabia, named after his mother Bayda, who was Dad bint Jahdam bin Amr. This Suhayl was one of the migrants, and he took part in Badr, Uhud, the Trench, and all the major battles. So one of the narrators erred here. The correct name is Sahl bin Bayda (pronounced Sahl, with a fatha on the sin and no vowel on the ha), who was Suhayl's brother from both father and mother. Ibn Saad said, "He embraced Islam in Makkah but concealed it, so Quraysh took him out with them in the Badr expedition, and he fought at Badr alongside the polytheists, and was taken captive that day. Abdullah bin Masud then testified on his behalf that he had seen him praying in Makkah, so he was released."Whoever attributed this story to Suhayl bin Bayda was mistaken. Suhayl bin Bayda embraced Islam before Abdullah bin Masud did, and he did not conceal his Islam, but migrated to Madinah and took part in Badr alongside the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as a Muslim, without any doubt. So whoever narrated that hadith confused him with his brother, because Suhayl is better known than his brother Sahl. The story belongs to Sahl.See Ibn Saad (3/1/302 and 4/1/156) and Isaba (3:137, 144). The correct form, Sahl bin Bayda, will come later in the narration of Jareer from Amash (3634).