The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to lead us in prayer. In the first two units of the noon and afternoon prayers he would recite the Opening of the Book along with two surahs, and at times he would let us hear a verse. He would lengthen the first unit of the noon prayer and shorten the second, and he did the same in the dawn prayer.
حدثنا محمد بن أبي عدي عن الحجاج يعني الصواف بن أبي عثمان عن يحيى بن أبي كثير عن عبد الله بن أبي قتادة وأبي سلمة
كان رسول الله ﷺ يصلي بنا فيقرأ في الظهر والعصر في الركعتين الأوليين بفاتحة الكتاب وسورتين ويسمعنا الآية أحيانا وكان يطول في الركعة الأولى من الظهر ويقصر في الثانية وكذا في الصبح
Its isnad is sahih. Hajjaj the Weaver is Ibn Abu Uthman, and he is a trustworthy, well-known memorizer of hadith, whose narrations appear in the collections of all the major compilers. Abdullah bin Abu Qatada is among the trustworthy successors in Madinah.This hadith was narrated by Bukhari 2/260, no. 776 (Fath), in the chapter on adhan, and by Muslim 1/333, no. 451, in the book of prayer, on reciting during Dhuhr, and by Nasai 2/164, no. 975, and Ibn Majah 1/271, no. 829, and Darimi 1/335, no. 1291.