A man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and asked him about the times of prayer. He said, "Stay with us for these two days."He instructed Bilal, who called the iqamah at dawn, and he prayed Fajr. Then he instructed him when the sun had passed its zenith, and he prayed Dhuhr. Then he instructed him when the sun was still bright white, and he called the iqamah for Asr. Then he instructed him when the edge of the sun had set, and he called the iqamah for Maghrib. Then he instructed him when the twilight had disappeared, and he called the iqamah for Isha.The next day he instructed him to delay Fajr until it was light. Then he delayed Dhuhr until the heat had cooled, taking his time in cooling it down. Then he prayed Asr while the sun was still bright white, but later than the previous day. Then he prayed Maghrib before the twilight disappeared. Then he instructed him to call the iqamah for Isha when a third of the night had passed, and he prayed it.Then he said, "Where is the one who asked about the times of prayer? The time of your prayer is between what you have seen."
أخبرني عمرو بن هشام قال حدثنا مخلد بن يزيد عن سفيان الثوري عن علقمة بن مرثد
جاء رجل إلى رسول الله ﷺ فسأله عن وقت الصلاة فقال أقم معنا هذين اليومين فأمر بلالا فأقام عند الفجر فصلى الفجر ثم أمره حين زالت الشمس فصلى الظهر ثم أمره حين رأى الشمس بيضاء فأقام العصر ثم أمره حين وقع حاجب الشمس فأقام المغرب ثم أمره حين غاب الشفق فأقام العشاء ثم أمره من الغد فنور بالفجر ثم أبرد بالظهر وأنعم أن يبرد ثم صلى العصر والشمس بيضاء وأخر عن ذلك ثم صلى المغرب قبل أن يغيب الشفق ثم أمره فأقام العشاء حين ذهب ثلث الليل فصلاها ثم قال أين السائل عن وقت الصلاة وقت صلاتكم ما بين ما رأيتم
Muslim collected it in the Book of Mosques, Chapter on the Times of the Five Prayers, hadith no. 176/613, from the hadith of Sufyan Thawri, through him, and it is also in Sunan al-Kubra, hadith no. 1515.