The verses in Surah al-Maidah in which Allah said, "So judge between them or turn away from them... up to the just" [Maidah 5:42], were revealed concerning the blood-money paid between the tribes of an-Nadir and Qurayzah. The case was that the slain among Banu an-Nadir held a position of nobility, so their people would pay the full blood-money for their dead, while Banu Qurayzah would pay only half the blood-money. They brought the matter to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for judgment, and Allah
revealed this concerning them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then compelled them to accept the truth in this matter and made the blood-money equal between them.
أخبرنا عبيد الله بن سعد قال حدثنا عمي قال حدثنا أبي عن ابن إسحق أخبرني داود بن الحصين عن عكرمة
أن الآيات التي في المائدة التي قالها الله عز وجل {فاحكم بينهم أو أعرض عنهم إلى المقسطين} إنما نزلت في الدية بين النضير وبين قريظة وذلك أن قتلى النضير كان لهم شرف يودون الدية كاملة وأن بني قريظة كانوا يودون نصف الدية فتحاكموا في ذلك إلى رسول الله ﷺ فأنزل الله عز وجل ذلك فيهم فحملهم رسول الله ﷺ على الحق في ذلك فجعل الدية سواء
No references are available.
[Its chain is daif] Abu Dawud narrated it in the Book of Judgments, chapter on ruling between the people under protection, no. 3591, from the hadith of Muhammad bin Ishaq, with this wording. It is also found in Kubra, no. 6935. Dawud's narration from Ikrima is rejected, as noted in Tahdhib and elsewhere.