The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "A pledge is not forfeited."Malik said, "The explanation of this, as we see it, and Allah knows best, is that a man gives another man something as a pledge against a debt, and the pledge is worth more than the amount for which it was pledged. Then the pledger says to the one holding the pledge, 'If I bring you what you are owed by such and such a date,' naming a date for him, 'well and good, but otherwise the pledge belongs to you for the amount for which it was pledged.'"Malik continued, "This is not sound and it is not lawful. This is what was forbidden. If its owner brings the amount for which he pledged it even after the appointed date, the pledge is still his, and I consider such a stipulation to be void."
قال يحيى حدثنا مالك عن ابن شهاب
أن رسول الله ﷺ قال لا يغلق الرهن قال مالك وتفسير ذلك فيما نرى والله أعلم أن يرهن الرجل الرهن عند الرجل بالشيء وفي الرهن فضل عما رهن به فيقول الراهن للمرتهن إن جئتك بحقك إلى أجل يسميه له وإلا فالرهن لك بما رهن فيه قال فهذا لا يصلح ولا يحل وهذا الذي نهي عنه وإن جاء صاحبه بالذي رهن به بعد الأجل فهو له وأرى هذا الشرط منفسخا
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