Usama bin Zayd reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ rode a donkey covered with a Fadakian saddle-cloth, with Usama seated behind him, on his way to visit Saad bin Ubada among the Bani Harith bin al-Khazraj. This was before the Battle of Badr.They rode along until they passed by a gathering in which Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul was present, this being before Abdullah bin Ubayy embraced Islam. The gathering included a mixed group of Muslims, idol-worshipping polytheists, and Jews, and among the Muslims was Abdullah bin Rawaha.When the dust kicked up by the donkey reached the gathering, Ibn Ubayy covered his nose with his cloak and said, "Do not stir up dust on us."The Messenger of Allah ﷺ greeted them, then stopped, dismounted, called them to Allah, and recited the Quran to them.Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul said to him, "Sir, there is nothing better than what you say, if it be true. But do not trouble us with it in our gatherings. Return to your own dwelling, and whoever comes to you, recite it to him."Abdullah bin Rawaha said, "On the contrary, Messenger of Allah, do come to us in our gatherings, for we love that."Then the Muslims, the polytheists, and the Jews began to insult one another until they were on the verge of coming to blows. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ kept calming them down until they fell silent.Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mounted his animal and rode on until he entered upon Saad bin Ubada.The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Saad, did you not hear what Abu Hubab said?" meaning Abdullah bin Ubayy. "He said such and such."Saad bin Ubada said, "Messenger of Allah, may my father be sacrificed for you, pardon him and overlook it. By the One who revealed the Book to you, Allah has indeed brought the truth that He sent down to you. The people of this town had agreed to crown him and place the diadem upon him. When Allah turned that aside through the truth He gave you, he was choked by it, and that is what made him do what you saw."So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ pardoned him.The Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions used to pardon the polytheists and the People of the Book, as Allah had commanded them, and they bore patiently with insults. Allah the Exalted said, "And you shall certainly hear from those who were given the Scripture before you" [Aal Imran 3:186], and He said, "Many of the People of the Book wish" [Baqarah 2:109]. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to act according to the command of Allah in pardoning them, until he was given permission to fight them.When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fought the Battle of Badr, and Allah killed through it those chiefs of the disbelievers and leaders of Quraysh who were killed, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions returned victorious and laden with spoils, bringing with them captives from among the chiefs of the disbelievers and leaders of Quraysh, Ibn Ubayy bin Salul and the idol-worshipping polytheists who were with him said, "This is a matter that has now prevailed." So they pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ upon Islam, and they accepted Islam.
حدثنا أبو اليمان أخبرنا شعيب عن الزهري ح حدثنا إسماعيل قال حدثني أخي عن سليمان عن محمد بن أبي عتيق عن ابن شهاب عن عروة بن الزبير أن
أخبره أن رسول الله ﷺ ركب على حمار عليه قطيفة فدكية وأسامة وراءه يعود سعد بن عبادة في بني حارث بن الخزرج قبل وقعة بدر فسارا حتى مرا بمجلس فيه عبد الله بن أبي ابن سلول وذلك قبل أن يسلم عبد الله بن أبي فإذا في المجلس أخلاط من المسلمين والمشركين عبدة الأوثان واليهود وفي المسلمين عبد الله بن رواحة فلما غشيت المجلس عجاجة الدابة خمر ابن أبي أنفه بردائه وقال لا تغبروا علينا فسلم رسول الله ﷺ عليهم ثم وقف فنزل فدعاهم إلى الله وقرأ عليهم القرآن فقال له عبد الله بن أبي ابن سلول أيها المرء لا أحسن مما تقول إن كان حقا فلا تؤذنا به في مجالسنا فمن جاءك فاقصص عليه قال عبد الله بن رواحة بلى يا رسول الله فاغشنا في مجالسنا فإنا نحب ذلك فاستب المسلمون والمشركون واليهود حتى كادوا يتثاورون فلم يزل رسول الله ﷺ يخفضهم حتى سكتوا ثم ركب رسول الله ﷺ دابته فسار حتى دخل على سعد بن عبادة فقال رسول الله ﷺ أي سعد ألم تسمع ما قال أبو حباب يريد عبد الله بن أبي قال كذا وكذا فقال سعد بن عبادة أي رسول الله بأبي أنت اعف عنه واصفح فوالذي أنزل عليك الكتاب لقد جاء الله بالحق الذي أنزل عليك ولقد اصطلح أهل هذه البحرة على أن يتوجوه ويعصبوه بالعصابة فلما رد الله ذلك بالحق الذي أعطاك شرق بذلك فذلك فعل به ما رأيت فعفا عنه رسول الله ﷺ وكان رسول الله ﷺ وأصحابه يعفون عن المشركين وأهل الكتاب كما أمرهم الله ويصبرون على الأذى قال الله تعالى {ولتسمعن من الذين أوتوا الكتاب} الآية وقال {ود كثير من أهل الكتاب} فكان رسول الله ﷺ يتأول في العفو عنهم ما أمره الله به حتى أذن له فيهم فلما غزا رسول الله ﷺ بدرا فقتل الله بها من قتل من صناديد الكفار وسادة قريش فقفل رسول الله ﷺ وأصحابه منصورين غانمين معهم أسارى من صناديد الكفار وسادة قريش قال ابن أبي ابن سلول ومن معه من المشركين عبدة الأوثان هذا أمر قد توجه فبايعوا رسول الله ﷺ على الإسلام فأسلموا